PIM-DM Protocol Principles

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 Foreword

Multicast routing protocols are used between multicast routers to

establish and maintain multicast routing, and forward of multicast
packets accurately and efficiently.
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a typical inter-domain Multicast
routing protocol, divided into DM (Dense Mode) and SM (Sparse Mode)
models.

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 Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:

⚫ Understand PIM-DM basic principles

⚫ Understand PIM-DM working mechanism

⚫ Master PIM-DM basic configuration

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 Contents

PIM-DM overview and configuration

PIM-DM mechanism
PIM-DM configuration validation

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 PIM-DM Overview

IGMP
Receiver

PC1
PIM-DM

Source
IGMP
PC2

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 Packet Forwarding in PIM-DM

IGMP
Receiver

PC1
PIM-DM

Source Receiver
IGMP
PC2

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 PIMv2 Packet Header Format

0 7 15 31
Version Type Reserved Checksum

⚫ Version
 The version field indicates the version information. It is 2 at
present.
⚫ Type
 0: Hello
 3: Join/Prune
 5: Assert
 6: Graft
 7: Graft response

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 PIM-DM Basic Configuration
RTB RTC
IGMP

S0/0
PC1
S1/0 PIM-DM
S0/1
RTD RTE
RTA
Source
IGMP
PC2
[RTA]multicast routing-enable
[RTA]interface Serial0/0
[RTA-Serial0/0]pim dm
[RTA]interface Serial0/1
[RTA-Serial0/1]pim dm
[RTA]interface Serial1/0
[RTA-Serial1/0]pim dm

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 Contents

PIM-DM overview and configuration

PIM-DM mechanism
PIM-DM configuration validation

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 Neighbor Discovery Hello Message
RTB RTC

Hello
PIM-DM PIM-DM
Hello

RTB RTC
Hello

Hello

The router with highest

priority or biggest IP IGMPv1 PC1
address will become DR.

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 Construct SPT — Flooding Receiver

Multicast source

multicast packet Every router in the

network will create
(S, G) items

Receiver

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 Construct SPT — Prune
Receiver

Multicast source

If there is no multicast
Multicast packet member on down-stream
node, it will send Prune
Prune message message to up-stream
node

Receiver

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 SPT Establishment

multicast packet

Multicast source

Every router in the

network will hold the
(S, G) item
Flooding & pruning occurs
periodically based on a prune
timer, the operation is repeated
every 3 minutes and 30 seconds. Receiver

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 Graft Mechanism
Receiver

Multicast source

Multicast packet

Graft message
Receiver

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 New SPT

Multicast source

Multicast packet

Receiver

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 RPF Detection

Source
151.10.3.21

RPF detection fails!

Packet is received on the
wrong interface!
Multicast packet

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 Assert Mechanism

Router A Router B Router C

Ethernet

SPT Router D

Receiver
Assert

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 PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism Summary

⚫ PIM-DM working process:

 Neighbor discovery

 Flooding

 Pruning

 Graft

 Assert mechanism

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 Contents

PIM-DM overview and configuration

PIM-DM mechanism
PIM-DM configuration validation

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 Display PIM-DM Multicast Routing Table
RTB

E0/0 E0/1 PC1

E0/0

E1/0 IGMP
PIM-DM
E1/0
RTC RTE
RTA
Source E0/0 E0/1 PC2

[RTC]display pim routing-table

PIM-DM Routing Table
Total 1 (S,G) entry
(192.168.1.2, 224.1.1.1)
Protocol 0x40: PIMDM, Flag 0x4: SPT
Uptime: 00: 05: 54, Timeout in 204 sec
Upstream interface: Ethernet0/0, RPF neighbor: 10.2.2.1
Downstream interface list:
MP NBR, never timeout
Matched 1 (S,G) entry

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 Display PIM Neighbor
RTB

E0/0 E0/1

E0/0
PC1
E1/0 IGMP
PIM-DM
E1/0
RTC RTE
RTA
Source E0/0 E0/1

PC2
<RTC>display pim neighbor
Neighbor's Address Interface Name Uptime Expires
10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0 00: 17: 15 00:
01: 34
172.16.1.1 Ethernet0/1 00: 17: 11 00:
01: 39

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 Display PIM Interface Configuration

[RTC]display pim interface

PIM information of interface Ethernet0/0:
IP address of the interface is 10.2.2.2
PIM is enabled
PIM version is 2
PIM mode is Dense
PIM query interval is 30 seconds
PIM neighbor limit is 128
PIM neighbor policy is none
Total 1 PIR (designated router) is 10.2.2.2
PIM information of interface Ethernet0/1:
IP address of the interface is 172.16.1.3
PIM is enabled
PIM version is 2
PIM mode is Dense
PIM query interval is 30 seconds
PIM neighbor limit is 1e
Total 1 PIM neighbor on interface
PIM DR (designated router) is 172.16.1.3

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 Summary

⚫ What is the principle operation of

PIM-DM?
⚫ What is the function of graft in
PIM-DM?
⚫ What is the function of the Assert
mechanism in PIM-DM?

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Thank you
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