8 WAYS TO SEPARATE MIXTURES

Distillation
separation by boiling point differences. Typically a mixture is heated gradually and the
substances that vaporize the easiest will separate first.
Floatation
separation of solids by density different. When put into water, some substances will sink
while others will float. The "floaters" can then be skimmed off of the surface.
Chromatography
separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that "stick"
to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level.
Magnetism
some substances are attracted to a magnet field and can be "pulled" from a mixture
Filtration
separation by particle size. The particle size of substances can be very different.
Passing a mixture through a screen or filter will allow the small particles to pass and be
separated from the larger particles that get trapped.
Extraction
separation of liquids by density and solubility. Given enough time, mixtures of liquids of
different densities and solubility will form layers. The top layer can be skimmed off or
siphoned, and the bottom layers can be removed via a siphon or mechanical means.
Crystallization
separation by solubility. Substances have different solubilities at temperatures. A
solution can be cooled to the point where the solute will begin to form crystals and
separate from the mixture.
Mechanical Separation
separation by particle size. If the mixture is made up of large enough particles, or
pieces, you can separate them by hand or tool.

Scientific Method

1. What skill is a scientist using when she listens to the sounds that whales makes.
A) drawing conclusions
B) interpreting data
C) making observations
D) making a hypothesis

2. What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method.

A) Make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, ask a question, draw
conclusions, communicate results.
B) Ask a question, analyze results, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions,
communicate results.
C) Ask questions, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions,
communicate results.
D) Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze results,
communicate results.

3. Which question would be the best high level scientific question?

A) How long ago did dinosaurs live on the Earth?
B) How many giraffes live in Africa?
C) Does the amount of salt in water affect the temperature at which it boils?
D) Who made the first microscope?

4. Which of the following is NOT a rule when writing a hypothesis?

A) it should restate the question
B) It is testable
C) It is an if/then statement
D) It is a prediction.

5. An experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group
and an experimental group is?
A) an independent variable
B) a dependent variable
C) a theory
D) a controlled experiment

6. Which of the following hypotheses is written correctly?

A) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high.
B) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high.
C) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high.
D) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen.

7. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an

A) conclusion
B) observation
C) scientific method
D) inquiry

8. A series of steps designed to help you solve problems and answer questions
A) hypothesis
B) experiment
C) scientific method
D) observation

9. In an experiment, the one variable that is changed is called the

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) experimental variable
D) controlled variable

10. In an experiment, the factor that we measure is called the

A) controlled variable
B) conclusion
C) independent variable
D) dependent variable

11. A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will
determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The independent variable is
A) the incubator
B) the male alligators
C) the gender of the alligator
D) the temperature

12. A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will
determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The dependent variable is
A) the temperature
B) the incubator
C) the gender of the baby alligators
D) the size of the baby alligators

13. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of
water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the
independent variable is
A) the temperature of the water
B) the amount of salt in the water
C) the water
D) the number of plants in the water

14. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of
water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the dependent
variable is
A) the amount of salt in the water
B) the number of plants in the water
C) the water
D) the temperature of the water

15. All the things in an experiment that must be the same to make it fair are called
A) independent variables
B) controlled experiments
C) dependent variables
D) controlled variables or constants
16. In science, an educated guess is called a/an
A) conclusion
B) observation
C) hypothesis
D) question

17. When you decide whether or not the data supports the original hypothesis, you are
A) forming a hypothesis
B) drawing conclusions
C) asking questions
D) making observations

18. When a scientist shares her findings with other scientists, she is
A) experimenting
B) making a hypothesis
C) communicating results
D) analyzing data

19. If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use
A) liters
B) meters
C) kilograms
D) grams

20. If you wanted to know volume of water in a bottle of soda, you would use
A) kiloliters
B) grams
C) milliliters
D) liters

21. If you wanted to measure the distance from here to Salt Lake City, you would use
A) millimeters
B) meters
C) centimeters
D) kilometers

22. Which unit of measure is NOT used in the International System of Units
A) milliliters
B) centimeters
C) grams
D) inches

23. In which step of the scientific method do we want to use graphs

A) communicate results
B) asking questions
C) analyze data
D) make a hypothesis

24. The final part; a summary of reasonable inferences is a/an

A) hypothesis
B) conclusion
C) controlled experiment
D) question

25. Which of the following is important when creating a graph in science.

A) all of these
B) neatness
C) titles
D) labels

26. A scientist who wants to study the affects of fertilizer on plants sets up an experiment. Plant
A gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg. of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of fertilizer
each day. Which plant is the control group.
A) Plant A
B) Plant C
C) All of them
D) Plant B

27. A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a

known fact is a/an
A) law
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) experiment

28. A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning is a/an

A) inference
B) conclusion
C) theory
D) hypothesis

29. A series of steps followed to solve problems is

A) investigations
B) standard procedures
C) experimental guidelines
D) the scientific method
30. The best graph to use if I want to compare the price of six different cars would be a
A) bar graph
B) pie graph
C) line graph
D) data table

31. Why is it important to conduct scientific tests more than one time?

ANSWER KEY

1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D
16.C 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.A 27.D 28.A 2
9.D 30.A 31.

SOLUTIONS
1
INCORRECT When no more sugar will dissolve in a glass of water, the solution is

unsaturated
A)

unstable
B)

saturated
C)

suspended
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. When no more sugar can dissolve, the solution has
become saturated, see page 166.

2
INCORRECT A _______ solution contains more solute than would normally dissolve at a
certain temperature.

unsaturated
A)

suspended
B)

saturated
C)

supersaturated
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than

would normally dissolve at a certain temperature, see page 166.

3 CORRECT
The Dead Sea contains so much dissolved salt that people can easily float on it.
The Dead Sea is a ________ solution.
 saturated
A)

suspended
B)

unsaturated
C)

supersaturated
D)

Feedback: Correct! See page 166.

4
INCORRECT Solubility refers to the ____ of solute that can dissolve in a certain volume or
mass of solvent, at a certain temperature.

volume
A)

proportion
B)

mass
C)

particles
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. Solubility refers to the mass of solute that can dissolve
in a certain volume or mass of solvent, at a certain temperature, see page
167.

5
INCORRECT Limestone is used to make buildings and statues because it has _____ solubility.

high
A)

low
B)

no
C)

superior
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. If limestone had high solubility, the statues would

quickly dissolve in the rain, see page 167.

6
INCORRECT When you measure how fast a solute dissolves, you are measuring the

amount of dissolving
A)

rate of particle movement

B)
 amount of particle movement
C)

rate of dissolving
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. When you measure how fast a solute dissolves, you are
measuring the rate of dissolving, see page 169.

7
INCORRECT You and your friend have a contest to see who can make iced tea the fastest.
Which of the following would NOT help you win?

Cooling the water

A)

Using smaller crystals

B)

Heating the water

C)

Stirring quickly
D)

Feedback: Incorrect. Using smaller crystals will increase the speed at which
they dissolve, see page 170.

8
INCORRECT Smaller pieces of solute dissolve faster because

they can be stirred faster

A)

more surface area is exposed

B)

smaller pieces are unsaturated

C)

they won't form crystals quickly

D)

Feedback: Incorrect. Smaller pieces of solute dissolve faster because more

surface area is exposed to the solvent, see page 172.

9
INCORRECT Particles of matter are always moving. Usually, they move faster

when undisturbed
A)

in a concentrated solution
B)

at higher temperatures
C)

in a supersaturated solution
D)
 Feedback: Incorrect. Particles of matter generally move faster at higher
temperatures, see page 172.

10
INCORRECT When making jello, you accidentally use twice as much jello powder as the
recipe calls for. You stir and stir, but you cannot get all of the jello to dissolve.
This is because the solution is

supersaturated
A)

suspended
B)

saturated
C)

soluble
D)

Types of solutions

1. One substance dissolved in another

A. Solute
B. Solvent
C. Solution

2. The substance being dissolved

A. Solute
B. Solvent
C. Solution

3. Substance that does the dissolving

A. Solute
B. Solvent
C. Solution

4. In this type of solution, there is an equilibrium between the amount of solute dissolving
and the amount settling out of solution
A. Unsaturated
B. Saturated
C. Supersaturated

5. This type of solution is made by heating a saturated solution and adding more solute, then
slowly cooling the solution.
A. Unsaturated solution
B. Saturated solution
C. Supersaturated solution

6. This type of solution is unstable

A. Unsaturated solution
B. Saturated solution
C. Supersaturated solution

7. This type of solution can hold more solute than it currently has.
A. Unsaturated solution
B. Saturated solution
C. Supersaturated solution

8. This concentration calculation relates moles of solute to liters of solution

A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Mole fraction
D. Parts per million

9. This concentration calculation relates moles of solute to kilograms of solvent

A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Mole fraction
D. Parts per million

Solutions: Concentrations

1. (mass solute/mass solution) * 100 What is the percent by mass of sodium hydrogen
carbonate that has 20 grams of solute in 600mL of water?
A: 3.33%
B: 3.22%
C: 3.45%

2. (mass solute/mass solution) * 100 If you have 1500g of bleach and the percent by
mass of bleach is 3.62%, then what is the mass of NaOCl in the solution?
A: 543g
B: 5.43g
C: 54.3g

3. (mass solute/mass solution) * 100 How many grams of solvent are in the previous
question?
A: 1495g
B: 1446g
C: 957g
4. (volume solute/volume solution) *100 What is the percent by volume of ethanol that
contains 35mL of solute dissolved in 115mL of water?
A: 23.3%
B: 30.4%
C: 48%

5. (vol solute/vol solution) * 100 If you have 100mL of a 30% ethanol solution, what is
the volume of ethanol in the solution?
A: 70ml
B: 30ml

6. (vol solute/vol solution) * 100 If you have 100mL of a 30% ethanol solution, what is
the volume of water in the solution?
A: 70ml
B: 30ml
7. (vol solute/vol solution) * 100 What is the percent by volume of isopropyl alcohol in a
solution that contains 24mL isopropyl alcohol in 1.1L water?
A: 2.18%
B: 2.14%
C: 2.2%
8. (mass solute/mass solution) * 100 What is the percent by mass of 3.55g NaCl in 88g of
water?
A: 3.9%
B: 4.0%
C: 4.2%
9. (vol solute/vol solution) *100 What is the percent by volume of 25mL ethanol in 75mL
of water?
A: 33%
B: 25%
C: 50%

Solubility, Solutions, Mixtures

1. When the particles in a mixture are the size of atoms or molecules.

A) phase
B) solution
C) solubility
D) homogeneous mixture
2. the mixture appears to be too small to see the particles. example milk, cheese.
A) solution
B) solute
C) homogeneous
D) heterogeneous
3. The substance that gets dissolved is called the________
A) material
B) solution
C) solvent
D) solute
4. This does the dissolving, it's usually presented in greater amounts.
A) solution
B) hydration
C) solvent
D) solute
5. Water is an example of a _____________
A) solute
B) solvent
C) mixture
D) chemical
6. Solutes dissolve faster at ________ temperatures
A) low
B) freezing
C) high
7. __________ is the largest amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of
solvent. It depends on the temperature.
A) Solution
B) Surface Area
C) Mixture
D) Solubility
8. _________ is the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture or
solution
A) Agitation
B) Concentration
C) Solution
D) Dilute
9. Salad or trail mix is an example of a________________mixture.
A) heterogeneous
B) homogeneous
C) concentration
D) solution
10. A_________ solution contains the maximum amount of solute. When no more solute will
dissolve. ex. sweetened tea
A) megasaturated
B) supersaturated
C) saturated
D) unsaturated
11. A solution that contains a small amount of solute. More solute would dissolve if added.
Example: lightly sweet tea
A) saturated
B) megasaturated
C) unsaturated
D) supersaturated
12. A ___________ solution contains TOO much solute and will not dissolve, but it appears to
be thick and crystalizes rapidly. Example: Overly sweetened tea where the sugar doesn't have
room to dissolve.
A) megasaturated
B) unsaturated
C) saturated
D) supersaturated
13. Lemonade, sodas, and salt water some are examples of______________
A) solutions
B) soot
C) solute
D) mixtures
14. A combination of two or more substances that do not form a new substance. Example:
muddy water,
A) conductivity
B) ductility
C) flatness ability
D) malleability
15. An example of suspension where mixtures separate is__________
A) oil and water
B) alcohol and water
C) malleability
16. Will ignite easily, burn vigorously
A) Flammable
B) Combustible
C) Explosive
17. Which of the following IS NOT a sign of a physical change
A) hardness
B) texture
C) odor
D) bubbles
18. Which of the following is a sign of a chemical change
A) sound
B) fizzing
C) light
D) all of these
19. If 500 L of a gas is collected at 75.6 kPa, and the volume was decreased by 125 L, what is
the new pressure?
A) 18.9 kPa
B) 200.52 kPa
C) 100.8 kPa
D) 302.4 kPa
20. At 101.3 kPa, 1.37 mL of a gas was collected. What is the volume at 103 kPa?
A) 7,615.99 kPa
B) 1.35 mL
C) 2.70 mL
D) 103 mL
21. At .643 L and 12 degrees Celsius, what is the new temperature as the volume is decreased
to .500 L?
A) .03 L
B) 0.03 degrees Celsius
C) 9.33 degrees Celsius
D) 9.33 L
22. At 1.64 L and -13 degrees Celsius, what is the new temperature if the volume is decreased
by .500 L?
A) 9.04 degrees Celsius
B) -3.96 degrees Celsius
C) 3.96 degrees Celsius
D) -9.04 degrees Celsius
23. Melting candle wax: Physical or chemical change?
A) neither
B) chemical
C) physical
24. Burning a candle: Physical or chemical change?
A) neither
B) chemical
C) physical
25. Tearing paper: Physical or chemical change?
A) neither
B) physical
C) chemical
26. Burning paper: Physical or chemical change?
A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical
27. Dissolving table salt: Physical or chemical change?
A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical
28. Cutting a piece of magnesium ribbon: Physical or chemical change?
A) physical
B) neither
C) chemical
29. Adding hydrochloric acid to magnesium metal: Physical or chemical change?
A) neither
B) physical
C) chemical
30. Penny flattened by a hammer: Physical or chemical change?
A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical
31. Rusting water: Physical or chemical change?
A) physical
B) chemical
C) neither
32. A glass of juice frozen, melted, and refrozen: Physical or chemical change?
A) neither
B) physical
C) chemical
33. Which factor will cause a solid to dissolve faster in a liquid?
A) Use an already saturated solvent
B) Use a larger lump of the solid
C) Stir the solution
D) Cool the solution
34. Which of the following causes the greatest increase in the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
A) Increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure
B) Decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure
C) Decreasing the temperature and the pressure
D) Increasing the temperature and the pressure
35. How does the solubility of a solid change when the temperature of the liquid solvent is
increased?
A) The change in the solubility is unpredictable
B) There is no change in the solubility
C) The solubility increases
D) The solubility decreases
36. Sugar water containing more sugar than would normally dissolve at 20 degrees Celsius is
said to be __________.
A) unsaturated
B) supersaturated
C) saturated
37. Sugar water containing all the sugar that would normally dissolve at 10 degrees Celsius is
said to be ________.
A) unsaturated
B) saturated
C) supersaturated
38. Sugar water containing an extremely large amount of sugar (more than we expected) is
said to be ___________.
A) supersaturated
B) unsaturated
C) saturated
39. Sugar water containing a very small amount of sugar (less than we expected) is
considered ________.
A) unsaturated
B) saturated
C) supersaturated
40. Which of the following is NOT a factor which affects the dissolving of solids in liquids
A) thickness
B) movement
C) particle size
D) temperature

Answer Key
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.A 17.D
18.D 19.C 20.B 21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.C 31.B 32.B
33.C 34.B 35.C 36.B 37.B 38.A 39.A 40.A

Types of solutions

1. A mixture where one substance dissolves in another is called:

A a solution
B pure
C a suspension

2. If a mixture contains undissolved particles that are mixed evenly throughout the liquid, it is a:
A suspension
B solution
C precipitate

3. If a substance does not dissolve, it is termed:

A soluble
B insoluble
C imperfect

4. When a substance dissolves, it:

A changes into a completely new substance that can disappear in all liquids
B breaks apart into smaller particles that are invisible to the naked eye
C melts into a new chemical that is invisible
5. In a solution, the substance that dissolves is the:
A solute
B solvent
C suspension

6. In a solution, the substance that does the dissolving is the:

A solute
B solvent
C suspension

7. Filtration is used to separate:

A soluble mixtures in water
B solutions
C insoluble substances from water

8. Distillation is a process used to separate mixtures. It is a combination of the two processes:

A evaporation and condensation
B dissolving and evaporation
C freezing and melting

9. An example where a solution contains two liquids is:

A a cup of instant coffee
B an ocean of saltwater
C cleaning wet paintbrushes with turpentine or water

10. An example of a solution containing only metals is:

A solder
B soft drink
C diamond-tipped drills

11. Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are more soluble in water that is:
A warm and moving
B cool and moving
C cool and stationary
12. Solids such as salt and sugar dissolve more readily in:
A hot water
B cool water
C iced water

13. The ability of a substance to dissolve is its:

A solubility
B dissolvability
C melting ability

14. A glass with a large amount of cordial in a small amount of water is said to be:
A dilute
B strong
C concentrated

15. A solution where so much solute has been added to the solvent so that no more can dissolve is:
A concentrated
B saturated
C dilute

Correct Answers Correct Answers Correct Answers

Q 1: Q 6: Q11:
A B B
Q 2: Q 7: Q12:
A C A
Q 3: Q 8: Q13:
B A A
Q 4: Q 9: Q14:
B C C
Q 5: Q10: Q15:
A A B
Q11:
ACIDS AND BASES B
Q12:
1. Both acids and bases:A
Q13:
A have a sour taste
A
Q14:
C
Q15:
B
B contain hydrogen ions in solution
C are corrosive

2. The pH of acids is:

A greater than 7
B equal to 7
C less than 7

3. Bases turn litmus paper:

A blue
B purple
C red

4. The name given to a soluble base is:

A an acid
B a dissolvable base
C an alkali

5. Vinegar, aspirin and vitamin C are examples of household:

A bases
B alkalis
C acids

6. Examples of bases are:

A soaps and soft drink
B caustic soda and limewater
C urine and lemon juice

7. The chemical name for caustic soda is:

A sodium hydroxide
B hydrochloric acid
C soft drink

8. Limewater has the chemical name of:

A lime soda
B calcium hydroxide
C sodium chloride

9. The pH of a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid is about:

A 1 to 3
B 4 to 9
C 10 to 14

10. The pH of neutral substances such as common salt and water is:
A 1 to 6
B 7
C 8 to 14

11. Acids and bases neutralise each other to form:

A water only
B alkalis
C salt and water

12. Acids react with metals to form:

A salt and hydrogen
B metal salts and water
C water and oxygen

13. Acids react with carbonates to form:

A salt, hydrogen and water
B salt, carbon dioxide and water
C water and oxygen

14. A substance which changes different colours in acids and bases is called:
A a colour conversion chemical
B an indicator
C an alkali

15. Examples of indicators are:

A red cabbage indicator and aspirin
B limewater, caustic soda and methyl orange
C litmus paper, phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue

Q 1: Q 6: Q11:
C B C
Q 2: Q 7: Q12:
C A A
Q 3: Q 8: Q13:
A B B
Q 4: Q 9: Q14:
C A B
Q 5: Q10: Q15:
B C

Q11:
C

Q12:
A

Q13:
B

Q14:
B

Q15:
C