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1a-1 Expanding Brackets and Simplifying Expressions

The document provides examples for expanding and simplifying algebraic expressions involving brackets. It explains that when expanding a single set of brackets, each term inside the brackets is multiplied by the term outside. When expanding two linear expressions, there are four terms created with two that can be combined by collecting like terms. Several worked examples are shown of expanding and simplifying expressions involving addition, subtraction and multiplication of terms in brackets.

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Kayesu Allen
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467 views

1a-1 Expanding Brackets and Simplifying Expressions

The document provides examples for expanding and simplifying algebraic expressions involving brackets. It explains that when expanding a single set of brackets, each term inside the brackets is multiplied by the term outside. When expanding two linear expressions, there are four terms created with two that can be combined by collecting like terms. Several worked examples are shown of expanding and simplifying expressions involving addition, subtraction and multiplication of terms in brackets.

Uploaded by

Kayesu Allen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expanding brackets

and simplifying expressions


A LEVEL LINKS
Scheme of work: 1a. Algebraic expressions – basic algebraic manipulation, indices and surds

Key points
 When you expand one set of brackets you must multiply everything inside the bracket by
what is outside.
 When you expand two linear expressions, each with two terms of the form ax + b, where
a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0, you create four terms. Two of these can usually be simplified by collecting
like terms.

Examples
Example 1 Expand 4(3x − 2)

4(3x − 2) = 12x − 8 Multiply everything inside the bracket


by the 4 outside the bracket

Example 2 Expand and simplify 3(x + 5) − 4(2x + 3)

3(x + 5) − 4(2x + 3) 1 Expand each set of brackets


= 3x + 15 − 8x – 12 separately by multiplying (x + 5) by
3 and (2x + 3) by −4
= 3 − 5x 2 Simplify by collecting like terms:
3x − 8x = −5x and 15 − 12 = 3

Example 3 Expand and simplify (x + 3)(x + 2)

(x + 3)(x + 2) 1 Expand the brackets by multiplying


= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) (x + 2) by x and (x + 2) by 3
= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6
= x2 + 5x + 6 2 Simplify by collecting like terms:
2x + 3x = 5x

Example 4 Expand and simplify (x − 5)(2x + 3)

(x − 5)(2x + 3) 1 Expand the brackets by multiplying


= x(2x + 3) − 5(2x + 3) (2x + 3) by x and (2x + 3) by −5
= 2x2 + 3x − 10x − 15
= 2x2 − 7x − 15 2 Simplify by collecting like terms:
3x − 10x = −7x
Practice
1 Expand. Watch out!
a 3(2x − 1) b −2(5pq + 4q2)
When multiplying (or
c −(3xy − 2y2)
dividing) positive and
2 Expand and simplify. negative numbers, if
the signs are the same
a 7(3x + 5) + 6(2x – 8) b 8(5p – 2) – 3(4p + 9)
the answer is ‘+’; if the
c 9(3s + 1) –5(6s – 10) d 2(4x – 3) – (3x + 5) signs are different the
answer is ‘–’.
3 Expand.
a 3x(4x + 8) b 4k(5k2 – 12)
c –2h(6h2 + 11h – 5) d –3s(4s2 – 7s + 2)

4 Expand and simplify.


a 3(y2 – 8) – 4(y2 – 5) b 2x(x + 5) + 3x(x – 7)
c 4p(2p – 1) – 3p(5p – 2) d 3b(4b – 3) – b(6b – 9)

5 Expand 12 (2y – 8)

6 Expand and simplify.


a 13 – 2(m + 7) b 5p(p2 + 6p) – 9p(2p – 3)

7 The diagram shows a rectangle.


Write down an expression, in terms of x, for the area of
the rectangle.
Show that the area of the rectangle can be written as
21x2 – 35x

8 Expand and simplify.


a (x + 4)(x + 5) b (x + 7)(x + 3)
c (x + 7)(x – 2) d (x + 5)(x – 5)
e (2x + 3)(x – 1) f (3x – 2)(2x + 1)
g (5x – 3)(2x – 5) h (3x – 2)(7 + 4x)
i (3x + 4y)(5y + 6x) j (x + 5)2
k (2x − 7)2 l (4x − 3y)2

Extend
9 Expand and simplify (x + 3)² + (x − 4)²

10 Expand and simplify.


2
 1  2  1
a  x   x   b x 
 x  x  x
Answers
1 a 6x – 3 b –10pq – 8q2
c –3xy + 2y2

2 a 21x + 35 + 12x – 48 = 33x – 13


b 40p – 16 – 12p – 27 = 28p – 43
c 27s + 9 – 30s + 50 = –3s + 59 = 59 – 3s
d 8x – 6 – 3x – 5 = 5x – 11

3 a 12x2 + 24x b 20k3 – 48k


c 10h – 12h3 – 22h2 d 21s2 – 21s3 – 6s

4 a –y2 – 4 b 5x2 – 11x


c 2p – 7p2 d 6b2

5 y–4

6 a –1 – 2m b 5p3 + 12p2 + 27p

7 7x(3x – 5) = 21x2 – 35x

8 a x2 + 9x + 20 b x2 + 10x + 21
c x2 + 5x – 14 d x2 – 25
e 2x2 + x – 3 f 6x2 – x – 2
g 10x2 – 31x + 15 h 12x2 + 13x – 14
i 18x2 + 39xy + 20y2 j x2 + 10x + 25
k 4x2 − 28x + 49 l 16x2 − 24xy + 9y2

9 2x2 − 2x + 25

2 1
10 a x2 1  b x2  2 
x2 x2

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