Your guide

to better
safe guarding.
Machine directive 2006/42/EC
ISO standards and the updates to ISO 14120:2015
 2

Your guide to better safe guarding

Your modern industrial processes are safe, when no The panels are tested using energies of up to 2,000
one except authorized personnel has access to the joules, which is a very respectable level (feel free to
company’s machines. Troax mesh panels for machine compare this with other manufacturers’ panels).
guarding provide maximum personal and machine
safety in accordance with the Machinery Directive. If an accident were to happen, you should know that
the panels are strong enough to keep both people
Troax is a well-known name in machine guarding and and machinery safe. Every single weld can withstand
machine security for the production industry in many a heavy blow and that makes all the difference.
parts of the world. The key is intelligent details which
can be combined with new and old modules in well- Comply with the Machinery Directive
tested systems. Troax machine guarding and machine safety pro-
ducts meet all the requirements set in the European
In this guide we have gathered the paragraphs from Machinery Directive, 2006/42/EC - requirements
the Machinery Directive concerning machine guar- which your installation should meet today as well
ding and highlighted the parts in the ISO standards as into the future when you have supplemented or
that will guide you to better safe guarding! extended your machine guarding system with new
mesh panels, doors and locks.
Proven strength
Step by step, we are developing the foundation of
our systems – our mesh panels. Theoretical calcula-
tions are tested in our own test center.

Protecting People, Property & Processes

 3

Table of contents

Background and history ............................................................. 4 5.4.4 Secure fixing ..................................................................... 13

Market surveillance ..................................................................... 4 5.12 Electrostatic properties .................................................. 13

Regulations for putting machinery into 5.13 Guards with electrically conductive parts ................. 13

service or placing it on the market ......................................... 4 5.19 Retained fastenings ......................................................... 13

Risk assessment............................................................................ 4
5.22 Colour .................................................................................. 14

Excerpt from the Machinery Directive. ................................. 5 6.2 Combination of different guards or of guards
with other devices .................................................................... 14

EN and ISO Standards ................................................................ 6 6.3 Selection of guards according to the

Working with standards............................................................. 6 number and size of the hazards............................................. 14

Harmonized standards ............................................................... 6

Different types of standards..................................................... 6 6.4.4.1 Where access is required only for machine setting,
process correction or maintenance ....................................... 15

Table: Standards related to machine safety ......................6-8 7.2 Verification and validation methods.............................. 15

The importance of safety devices ........................................... 8 8 Information for use

Guidelines for the selection of safety devices ..................... 8 8.1 General .................................................................................. 15
8.2 Guard hazards...................................................................... 15

ISO 13857- Safety of machinery .............................................. 9 8.3 Installation............................................................................. 15

Scope ............................................................................................... 9
Reaching over protective structures ...................................... 9 8.5 Removal of guards.............................................................. 16

Reaching around with limitation of movement .................. 9 8.6 Inspection and maintenance ............................................ 16
Annex A, Annex B...................................................................... 16

Reaching through regular openings ..................................... 10 Annex C ........................................................................................ 16

Reaching through regular openings with the lower limbs 10

Declaration of Conformity....................................................... 17

ISO 14120 - General requirements for design and

construction of fixed and movable guards ......................... 11 The CE marking .......................................................................... 18

Revision of ISO 14120 .............................................................. 11 CE marking process................................................................... 18

Type of standard ........................................................................ 11 CE markings of machine guards ............................................ 18

Scope ............................................................................................. 11 Quality Assured .......................................................................... 19

Some important updates to the standard .......................... 11 Tested quality improves safety .............................................. 19

3.7 Tool.......................................................................................... 11 Troax Test Center ...................................................................... 19

3.8 Use of a tool ......................................................................... 11 Test reports.................................................................................. 19

4 Risk assessment ...................................................................... 11

5.1.3 Containment of ejected parts and other impacts .. 11

5.2.4 Viewing .............................................................................. 12

5.3.9 Removal of fixed guards ............................................... 12
5.3.10 Mounting of removable fixed guards ..................... 12
5.3.12 Movable guards ............................................................ 12
5.4 Materials, rigidity and impact requirements ............... 12

5.4.2 Impact and ejection resistance .................................... 12

 4

Background and history Regulations for putting machinery into

The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC has been in force service or placing it on the market
since December 29th 2009. It replaced the previous Before the manufacturer or his representative may
Directive “Machinery and other technical apparatus” put machinery into service or release it to market, the
(98/37/EC). Although both Directives are similar to following conditions must be met:
a certain extent, there are naturally a number of
revisions. These are highlighted in our guide Machinery
- The machinery must comply with the applicable sec-
Directive 2006/42/EC - your guide to the new
tions of the essential Health and Safety requirements
Machinery Directive.
as set out in Annex 1.
The Machinery Directive has previously undergone a - The technical documentation as set out in Annex 7,
number of name changes. It was originally known as chapter A, must be accessible.
89/392/EEC, since then changes to the Directive have
- Provide all necessary information, for example, the
implied new names. For example, 91/386/EEC, 93/68/
machinery’s operating instructions.
EEC and most recently 98/37/EC. This latest Directive
(2006/42/EC) was officially published on the 9th of June - Conduct a suitable procedure for the assessment of
2006 as the third change in legislature for the Machi- conformity in accordance with Articles 10-13.
nery Directive. The Member Countries of the European - Issue an EC Declaration of Conformity in accordance
Union have since then had time to implement the with Annex 2, part 1, chapter A. Ensure that the Decla-
Directive into their legislature. ration is supplied together with the machinery.
The Machinery Directive provides the harmonization - Affix the CE marking in accordance with Annex 3.
of the essential health and safety requirements for
machinery through a combination of mandatory Risk assessment
health and safety requirements and voluntary harmo- The most widely-accepted means of designing machi-
nized standards. The regulations apply to machinery, nery or safe guards today is by using a risk assessment
interchangeable equipment, safety components, as a basis. An early risk assessment validates a safer,
lifting accessories, chains, ropes, webbing, removable more easily-operated machine. A risk assessment can
mechanical transmission devices and partly completed be conducted using a variety of different methods. The
machinery. ISO 12100:2010 standard provides the necessary guide-
lines in order to conduct a risk assessment.
The Member States of the EU, Norway, Iceland, Licht­
enstein and Turkey are obliged to incorporate the Risk assessments are normally
Directive into their legislature. divided into different steps:
- Status report: describes the machinery’s current status
Market surveillance and states its viability.
The term ‘market surveillance’ designates the activities - Identification of risks: identifies risks based on the
carried out and the measures taken by public authori- Machinery Directive’s Health and Safety requirements.
ties of the Member States to ensure that the provisions
of the Machinery Directive for machinery and partly - Risk assessment: assessment and evaluation of the
completed machinery are correctly applied and that risks. The result serves as guidance for measures to be
machinery placed on the market and put into service taken.
is safe. The Regulation is directly applicable from 1st - Risk reduction: describes the prescribed action, when
January 2010 and the current Machinery Directive taken and the person responsible.
establish a stronger legal basis for market surveillance
and enforcement action and also provide for the - Methodology: describes the method used and how
necessary cooperation between the Members States the analysis is to be interpreted.
and the Commission in this area.
A ’step’ model is often used in risk reduction.
The practical appli­cation is carried out in the fram- The ’step’ model looks like this:
ework of the Machinery Administrative Cooperation - In the first instance a risk is removed
Group (Machinery ADCO Group) that exchange infor- by means of design.
mation at meetings usually twice a year. - In the second instance a risk is removed
by means of protection.
- In the third instance you can warn or
inform about the risk.
 5

Excerpt from the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

Paragraph 1.3.7 Paragraph 1.4.2

Prevention of risks related to moving parts clear Special requirements for guards
that: The moving parts of machinery must be designed, 1.4.2.1
built and laid out to avoid hazards or, where hazards Fixed guards
persist, fixed with guards or protective devices in such Fixed guards must be fixed by systems that can be
a way as to prevent all risk of contact which could lead opened or removed only with tools. Their fixing
to accidents. systems must remain attached to the guards or to the
machinery when the guards are removed. Where pos-
Paragraph 1.3.8 sible, guards must be incapable of remaining in place
Choice of protection against risks related to without their fixings.
moving parts clear that: Guards or protective devices
designed to protect against risks arising from moving Paragraph 1.4.2.2
parts must be selected on the basis of the type of risk. Interlocking movable guards
The following guidelines must be used to help to make Interlocking movable guards must:
the choice. - as far as possible remain attached to the machinery
when open,
1.3.8.1
Moving transmission parts - be designed and constructed in such a way that they
Guards designed to protect persons against the hazards can be adjusted only by means of an intentional action.
generated by moving transmission parts must be:
Interlocking movable guards must be
- either fixed guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.1, or associated with an interlocking device that:
- interlocking movable guards as referred to in section - prevents the start of hazardous machinery functions
1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable guards should be used until they are closed and
where frequent access is envisaged. - gives a stop command whenever they are no longer
closed.
In the Machinery Directive paragraph 1.4 REQUIRED
CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARDS AND PROTECTIVE Where it is possible for an operator to reach the
DEVICES you can read about the requirements which a danger zone before the risk due to the hazardous
machine guard shall comply to. machinery functions has ceased, movable guards must
be associated with a guard locking device in addition
Paragraph 1.4.1 to an interlocking device that:
General requirements clear that;
Guards and protective devices must: - prevents the start of hazardous machinery functions
until the guard is closed and locked, and
- be of robust construction,
- keeps the guard closed and locked until the risk of
- be securely held in place, injury from the hazardous machinery functions has
- not give rise to any additional hazard, ceased.

- not be easy to by-pass or render non-operational, Interlocking movable guards must be designed in
- be located at an adequate distance from the such a way that the absence or failure of one of their
danger zone, components prevents starting or stops the hazardous
machinery functions.
- cause minimum obstruction to the view of the
production process, and
- enable essential work to be carried out on the
installation and/or replacement of tools and for
maintenance purposes by restricting access exclusively
to the area where the work has to be done, if possible
without the guard having to be removed or the
protective device having to be disabled.

In addition, guards must, where possible, protect

against the ejection or falling of materials or objects
and against emissions generated by the machinery.
 6

EN and ISO Standards

Working with standards
A standard can be likened to a specification for designing a machine so that it meets the Machinery Directive’s
requirements. The Machinery Directive is a legal document and the rules and regulations therein must be
observed. Standards are guidelines for the design and construction of machinery. If a standard is followed the
documentation can be reduced.

A standard:
- Is a recommendation for the design of a product in a certain manner.
- Provides examples of solutions for a recurrent problem.
- Is developed by representatives from manufacturers, users and authorities.

Standardization shall lead to simplification, safety, profitability and improved communications. The standards
have been produced by technical committees and working groups. Work is in progress to change existing A and
B standards from EN to ISO. The majority have already been changed and most of the A and B standards will
eventually become ISO standards.

Harmonized standards
A harmonized standard means that all Member States have approved the contents of the standard in question.
Once the standard has been approved it is published in the ”Official Journal of the European Communities”, and
is then designated as an EN standard. Once a standard fulfils the requirements of a directive it becomes ’presu-
med’. An example of such a standard is EN 60204-1 (Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment). If the standard’s
recommendations are fulfilled, the requirements in the Low Voltage Directive (LVD) are automatically met.

Different types of standards

There are several different levels of standards. They are type A, B and C standards. The type A standard has a
comprehensive content and a type C standard is for a specific type of machine e.g Press tool die sets.

The scope of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:

a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to all machinery;

b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one safety aspect or one or more type(s) of safeguard
that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
− type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
− type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices,
guards);

c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) deal with

detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group
of machines. (The C standards are often EN standards in EU or
national standards.)

Standards related to machine safety

Using the applicable harmonized standards in the development
of machinery, protection and safety applications is a good aid to,
and efficient means of ensuring that the end product fulfils the
Machinery Directive’s requirements.

TROAX has been active in several national and international

standard committees since 2007, working to improve and clarify
the recommendations of the standards and norms. The EN and
ISO standards are our guides for the design and construction
of safe products. The standards described in the table on the
next pages are the most common standards within the Machine
Safety category:
 7

Standard Type Description Content*

ISO 12100:2010 A Safety of machinery -- General principles Specifies basic terminology, principles and
for design -- Risk assessment and risk a methodology for achieving safety in the
reduction design of machinery. It specifies principles
of risk assessment and risk reduction to
help designers in achieving this objective.

EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 A Safety of machinery - Ergonomic Design Design of the machinery and ergonomic
Principles - Terminology and General Principles design of the workspace.

EN 614-2:2006 A Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design Design of the machinery and ergonomic
principles - Interactions between the design of the workspace.
A+A1:2008 designof machinery and work tasks

ISO 13857:2008 B Safety of machinery -- Safety distances Establishes values for safety distances in
to prevent hazard zones being reached both industrial and non-industrial environ-
by upper and lower limbs ments to prevent machinery hazard zones
being reached. The safety distances are
appropriate for protective structures.

EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 B Safety of machinery - Human physical Presents guidance when designing

performance - Part 4: Evaluation of machinery or its component parts in asses-
working postures and movements in sing and affecting health risks due only to
relation to machinery machine-related postures and movements,
i.e. during assembly, installation, operation,
adjustment, maintenance, cleaning, repair,
transport, and dismantlement.

EN 60204-1:2006 + Amd B Safety of machinery - Electrical Gives safety guidance and recommenda-
equipment of machines - General tions on electrical equipment for machinery.
1:2009 requirements This includes safety requirements for elec-
trical, electronic and computer controlled
equipment and systems for machines – but
excludes power circuits where electricity is
used directly as a working tool.

ISO 13854:1996 B Safety of machinery -- Minimum Purpose is to enable the user (e.g. stan-
gaps to avoid crushing of parts of dard makers, designers of machinery) to
the human body. avoid hazards from crushing zones. Speci-
fies minimum gaps relative to parts of the
human body. Applicable when adequate
safety can be achieved by this method.

ISO 13855:2010 B1 Safety of machinery -- Positioning of It specifies parameters based on values

safeguards with respect to the approach for approach speeds of parts of the
speeds of parts of the human body human body and provides a methodology
to determine the minimum distances to
a hazard zone from the detection zone or
from actuating devices of safeguards.

ISO 11161:2007/Amd B1 Safety of machinery -- Integrated Specifies the safety requirements for inte-
manufacturing systems -- Basic grated manufacturing systems (IMS) that
1:2010
requirements incorporate two or more interconnected
machines for specific applications, such as
component manufacturing or assembly

*Text not taken from the standards.

 8

ISO 13849-1:2015 B1 Safety of machinery -- Safety-related parts Provides safety requirements and guidance
of control systems -- Part 1: General prin- on the principles for the design and inte-
ciples for design gration of safety-related parts of control
systems (SRP/CS), including the design of
software.

Safety of machinery -- Guards -- General This International Standard specifies general

ISO 14120:2015 (Old EN B2
requirements for the design and construc- principles for the design and construction of
953) tion of fixed and movable guards guards, both fixed and movable. It is intended
for use by manufacturers, designers, stan-
dards makers and other interested parties.

ISO 14119:2013 B2 Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices Specifies principles for the design and selec-
associated with guards -- Principles for tion. Independent of the nature of the energy
design and selection source. Of interlocking devices associated
with guards. It covers the parts of guards
which actuate interlocking devices. It does
not necessarily provide all the specific
requirements for trapped key systems.

ISO 10218-1:2011 B2 Robots and robotic devices. Safety Describes basic hazards associated with
requirements for industrial robots. robots and requirements to eliminate/re-
duce the risks.

ISO 10218-2:2011 B2 Robots and robotic devices. Safety This covers how to integrate all equipment
requirements for industrial robots Robot into a robot system.
systems and integration

Safety of machinery - Functional safety of Specifies requirements and makes

EN 62061:2005/A1:2013
safety-related electrical, electronic and recommendations for the design, inte-
programmable electronic control systems gration and validation of safety-related
electrical, electronic and programmable
electronic control systems (SRECS) for
machines

EN 619+A1:2010 Continuous handling equipment and This European Standard deals with the
systems - Safety and EMC requirements technical requirements for electromagnetic
for equipment for mechanical handling compatibility (EMC).
of unit loads

The importance of safety devices

Basically it could be said that the content of the Machinery Directive describes how to design and construct
the machine so it is safe to use. Some regard the requirement for CE marking as tiresome, expensive and
demanding. There are other benefits apart from fulfilling the requirements, such as the working environment
becomes safer, the machine operation becomes more reliable and the production becomes more efficient.

Guidelines for the selection of safety devices

The manufacture of safety devices for a machine requires consideration. Generally there are no problems in
removing all risks through protection. The problem is to protect against the risk while the same time main-
taining the machine’s ease of use and accessibility. Four concepts need be taken into consideration when
selecting safety devices:

The Machinery Directive requirements Accessibility Safety Cost

The following standards offer good guidance for the manufacture of safety devices:
- ISO 11161, Machine Safety - Integrated manufacturing systems. Basic requirements.
- ISO 13855, Machine Safety - Positioning of safety devices taking into consideration the speeds at which
body parts approach the danger area.
- EN ISO 13857, Machine Safety - Safety Distance to prevent arms and legs entering a danger area.
- ISO 14120, General requirements for design and manufacture of fixed and opening guards.
- ISO 14020, interlocking devices for combination with guards - Principles for design and selection.
 9

ISO 13857:2008 - Safety of machinery - Safety distances to

prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

Scope
This standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments
to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective
structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs. It covers
people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14 year olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In
addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature
of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to be addressed.

Reaching over protective structures

Table 2 – High Risk. Dimension in millimeters.

Height of protective structure, b

Height of
hazard 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500 2700
zone, a
Horizontal safety distance to hazard zone, c
2700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2600 900 800 700 600 600 500 400 300 100 0
2400 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 400 300 100 0
2200 1300 1200 1000 900 800 600 400 300 0 0
2000 1400 1300 1100 900 800 600 400 0 0 0
1800 1500 1400 1100 900 800 600 0 0 0 0
1600 1500 1400 1100 900 800 500 0 0 0 0
1400 1500 1400 1100 900 800 0 0 0 0 0
1200 1500 1400 1100 900 700 0 0 0 0 0
1000 1500 1400 1000 800 0 0 0 0 0 0
800 1500 1300 900 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
600 1400 1300 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
400 1400 1200 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 1200 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective structures lower than 1400 mm should not be used without additional safety measures.

Reaching around with limitation of movement

Table 3 – shows examples of fundamental movements covering people of 14 years and older.
Dimension in millimeters.

Limitation of movement Safety distance, Sr Illustration

Limitation of movement 850

A = The range of movement of the arm
only at shoulder and Sr = The radial safety distance
armpit
a = This is either the diameter of a round
opening, or the side of a square
Arm supported up to 550
opening, or the width of a slot opening.
elbow

Arm supported out 230

to wrist

Arm and hand supported 130

up to knuckle joint
 10

Reaching through regular openings

Table 4 – The values in the table below apply solely to persons aged 14 years and over.
Dimension in millimeters.

Safety distance, Sr
Part of body Illustration Opening Slot Square Round

e 4 2 2 2
Fingertip

4<e 6 10 5 5

6<e 8 20 15 5
Finger up to knuckle joint
8<e 10 80 25 20

10 < e 12 100 80 80

or hand 12 < e 20 120 120 120

20 < e 30 850 1) 120 120

30 < e 40 850 200 120

Arm up to junction
40 < e 120 850 850 850
with shoulder

The colour markings indicate which body parts are limited by size for each opening. For openings >120 mm the safety
distances for reaching over are used or other safety measures are taken.
1) If the length of the slot opening is 65 mm, the thumb will act as a stop and the safety distance can be reduced
to 200 mm.

Reaching through regular openings with the lower limbs

Table 7 – The values in the table below are independent of use of cloths or shoes and apply
solely to persons aged 14 years and over. Dimension in millimeters.

Safety distance, Sr
Part of lower limb Illustration Opening Slot Square or
round
e 5 0 0
Toe tip
5 < e 15 10 0

Toe 15 < e 35 80 25

35 < e 60 180 80
Foot
60 < e 80 650 180 The colour markings indicate which body parts are
limited by size for each opening. If the length of a slot
Leg (toe tip to knee)
80 < e 95 1100 650
opening is 75 mm, the safety distance can be reduced
to 50 mm. Slot openings e >180 mm and square and
round openings e >240 mm permit full body access.
Leg (toe tip to crotch) 95 < e 180 1100 1100 Additional safety measures must be taken.
180 < e Not 1100
240 applicable

Appendix B of EN ISO 13857 details special cases for safety devices that solely prevent access for persons
in a standing position. As there is a risk of slipping or sliding through – something that cannot be ruled
out in a normal industrial environment – the specified values are deemed to be of little use. We have
therefore not included these.
 11

ISO 14120 - General requirements for design and construction of fixed and movable guards
Revision of ISO 14120
2015 an updated version of ISO 14120 will be published and it will replace the old standard EN 953.
This new standard will also be harmonized. Transition period from the publishing date is one year. In the
transition period you are free to choose which standard you will use as long your machinery is handed over
before the transition period has ended. You have to choose one standard to use, either EN 953 or ISO
14120. It is not allowed to use booth standards.

ISO 14120 has not been revised since 1997 and many clauses needed updated wording for better
understanding. Requirements for safety has been updated and tightened to comply with the Machinery
Directive, the definitions and terms have been updated, validation and verification has a new table and
the information of use is very clear with who can remove guards and what the manual shall include.

Type of standard
ISO 14120 is a type-B2 standard as stated in ISO 12100. Guards provide a risk reduction for both protection
against unintended access and against ejected parts and substances. The guarding can also give protection
against others hazards e.g. noise, fire, biological hazards, radiation.

Scope
ISO 14120 is an International Standard that specifies general requirements for the design, construction and
selection of guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards. It indicates other hazards that
can influence the design and construction of guards and it applies to guards for machinery which will be
manufactured after it is published. The requirements are applicable if fixed and movable guards are used.
This International Standard does not cover interlocking devices, these are covered in ISO 14119.

ISO 14120 does not provide requirements for special systems relating specifically to mobility or to the
ability to lift loads such as ROPS (Rollover Protective Structures), FOPS (Falling-Object Protective Structures
and TOPS (Tip over Protective Structures) are outside the scope of this standard.

Some important updates to the standard

3.7 Tool
implement such as a key or wrench designed to open
and close a fastener. Note to entry: An improvised im-
plement such as a coin or a nail-file cannot be consi-
dered as a tool.
-It is now clear that you are only allowed to use a tool.

3.8 Use of a tool

action by a person under known and predetermined
circumstances as part of a safe working procedure
-The owner/manufacturer has to describe a safe
working procedure about who and when the safe-
guarding can be removed. See 8.5.

4 Risk assessment
In order to select and design types of guards appropriate to particular machinery, it is important to assess the
risk arising from the various hazards present at that machinery and the foreseeable categories of persons who
can be exposed to the hazard(s) (see ISO 12100:2010, Clause 5).
-We have to take into consideration all persons who can be exposed to hazards.

5.1.3 Containment of ejected parts and other impacts

Where there is a foreseeable risk of
- ejection of parts (for example workpiece or broken tooling) from the machine,
- impacts from parts of machinery, or
- impacts from the operator
the guard shall, as far as practicable, be designed and constructed so as to contain and withstand such
ejections and impacts.
-This clause is updated with more examples of foreseeable risks.
 12

5.2.4 Viewing
Where viewing of the process is required guards shall be designed and constructed to offer adequate
viewing. This can eliminate the need for defeating them. See also 5.9.
- This clause has new wording to avoid misuse and defeating.

5.3.9 Removal of fixed guards

Demountable fixed parts of guards shall only be removable with the use of a tool (see 3.8). See also 8.5 and 8.6.
- Fixed guards shall be designed to prevent easy removal.
NOTE 1 This is because operators may prefer to use an easily removable fixed guard instead of using an
interlocked movable guard.
- Quick release fasteners such as quarter turn screws shall not be used to secure fixed guards from
outside the guarded area.
NOTE 2 The use of fastenings that can be released quickly from the inside of the guarded area should not be
regarded as an alternative to providing an emergency exit. The emergency release of guards with interlock-
ing/guard locking is dealt with in ISO 14119.See also Clause 6, Selection of types of guards.
- Quick release fasteners are not allowed to use from outside the guarded area.

5.3.10 Mounting of removable fixed guards

Fixed guards which are removable shall, where practicable, be unable to remain in place without their
fixings.
- Replaces the clause 5.4.4 Positive location of removable guards.

5.3.12 Movable guards

The opening of movable guards shall require deliberate action. Where possible movable guards shall be
attached to the machine or adjacent fixed elements so that they are retained, for example by hinges or
slides, even when open. Such attachments shall only be removable with the use of a tool (see 3.8). Inter-
locked moveable guards shall be positioned relative to the hazard zone in accordance with ISO 13855.
- New reference to ISO 13855 that deals with the approach speed.

5.4 Materials, rigidity and impact requirements

- Former 5.5, Selection of materials

5.4.2 Impact and ejection resistance

Guards shall, as far as practicable, be designed and material selected to withstand and contain reasonably
foreseeable impacts and ejections according to 5.1.3. Materials for viewing panels shall be selected with
properties suited to resist the mass and velocity of the ejected object or material. Where guards are fitted
with viewing panels, special consideration shall be given to the selection of materials and method of fixing
them. Guards shall resist static and dynamic forces (pressure, impacts) according to the risk assessment.
NOTE The impact resistance depends e.g. on the properties of the material being used, its strength, the
fixing and its ageing.
- The risk assessment shall provide information on how much impact resistance the machine guard shall
withstand.

Real impact test using an

ABB robot with magnetic
gripper that ejects a steel
tube of 52 kg into the Smart
Fix machine guard.
 13

5.4.4 Secure fixing

Guards or parts of guards shall be secured by fixing points of adequate strength, spacing and number to
remain secure under any foreseeable loading or impact. Fixing can be by means of mechanical fasteners or
clamps, welded or bonded joints or other means suited to the application. See also 5.3.8.
-Now also covers foreseeable impact.

5.12 Electrostatic properties

Materials of the guard that enclose or is placed in an environment containing dust, fibers or particles shall
be selected to prevent accumulation. If there is a risk of static charge to a hazardous level, guards shall be
designed in material with an electrical conductance high enough to avoid build-up of static charge or
by other measures to prevent hazardous static charge. For consideration of ignition sources, see 5.1.7.
NOTE IEC/TR 61340-1 gives guidance on electrostatic problems and hazards.
- New requirements to avoid build-up of static charges

Earthing For Smart Fix system, the kit functional bonding

creates an electrical bonding between panels and posts,
solving problems with leakage current.

5.13 Guards with electrically conductive parts

Where guards are made of electrically conductive material and used in electrically powered machines, they
may need to be considered as ”extraneous conductive parts of the machine” according to IEC 60204-1:2005,
clause 8.
- New clause.

5.19 Retained fastenings

When it is foreseen (e.g. maintenance) that the fixed guard will be removed, then the fastenings shall remain
attached to the guard or to the machinery. The requirement does not necessarily apply to fixed guards that
are only liable to be removed, for example, when the machinery is completely overhauled, is subject to major
repairs or is dismantled for transfer to another site. For the same reason, it may not be necessary to apply the
requirement for retained fastenings to the casings of machinery if,
- the manufacturer’s instructions specify that the repairs requiring removal of these casings are only to be
carried out in a specialist repair workshop, and
- fastenings, as far as practicable, shall only be removable by the use of a tool.
See Annex A for examples of retained fastenings.
NOTE This requirement aims to reduce risks due to loss of one or more of the fixings when guards are remo-
ved, for example, for maintenance purposes. This can lead to the guards not being replaced, being only parti-
ally fixed in place or fixed with replacement fixings that do not have adequate strength, so that the guard can-
not adequately perform its protective function, for example, where containment of ejected parts is necessary.
- Former clause 7.2. New requirements and new wording.

Captive bolts The bolt that attaches the panel

to the post in the Smart Fix system is held
captive even when the system is disassembled,
fulfilling the standards and rules for machine
guarding.
 14

5.22 Colour
Attention can be drawn to the hazard while the guard is opened or left off by highlighting the hazard by
the use of suitable colours. For example if a guard is painted the same colour as the machine then the
hazardous parts is painted a contrasting bright colour. Care should be taken in the selection and combina-
tion of colours to avoid confusion, e.g. red and yellow in combination is normally used for emergency stop.
When observation of the process is required, guards of perforate material should not be painted in bright
colours, e.g. yellow, that might interfere with the viewing of the process.
NOTE For further information see EN 614-1.
- New requirements and new wording.

6.2 Combination of different guards or of guards with other devices

It can be appropriate to use a combination of different types of guards. For example:
- if a machine has several hazard zones and access is required to one of them during the operating phase,
the guards can consist of a fixed guard combined with an interlocking movable guard;
- if a perimeter fence is used to prevent access to the hazard zones of a machine, an interlocked gate would
normally be required to provide safe access.
In a similar way, a combination of protective devices and guards can sometimes be required (see Figure 9).
EXAMPLE Where a mechanical feed device is used in conjunction with a fixed guard to feed workpieces
into a machine (thereby removing the need for access to the hazard zone), a sensing protective device
(see ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.5) can be required to protect against a secondary trapping or shearing hazard
between the mechanical feed device and the fixed guard.
- Better explanation and new wording.

6.3 Selection of guards according to the number and size of the hazards
Where practicable hazards shall be guarded by enclosing guards. When enclosing guards are not
practicable guards of the most appropriate type must be selected e.g. fixed guards (distance or
perimeter), movable guards, adjustable guards (automatic or manual) (see 6.4). It is possible for a guard
to protect multiple hazards and/or hazardous zones e.g. perimeter guarding with an interlocked access
gate around an assembly of machines. If a guard protects multiple hazards then the guarding shall be
appropriate for all the hazards.

NOTE 1 When a hazardous area is separated into different zones to allow access to stationary machinery
in one zone when machinery is operating on other zones, access to a zone still in operation by accessing a
safe zone should be prevented by the use of appropriate safeguarding.
NOTE 2 Other safeguarding measures outside of the scope of this standard might be more suited to the
hazard(s) identified and the intended operation of the machine.
It can be beneficial to the production process to divide a guarded area into different zones, to enable
actions (for example checking, adjustment) in one zone to be carried out without affecting machine
operation in another zone. In this case, the guarding for each zone shall be in accordance with all the
requirements of this International Standard.
- New wording and new requirements.
 15

6.4.4.1 Where access is required only for machine

setting, process correction or maintenance
The following types of guard should be used:
a) Movable guard, if the foreseeable frequency of access
is high (e.g. more than once per week) or if removal or repla-
cement of a fixed guard would be difficult. Movable guards
shall be associated with an interlock or an interlock with
guard locking (see ISO 14119);

b) Fixed guard only, if the foreseeable frequency of access

is low (e.g. less than once per week), its replacement is easy
and its removal and replacement are carried out under a safe
system of work.
- Frequency changed from once per shift to once per week.

7.2 Verification and validation methods

Verification and validation can be satisfied by methods
including but not limited to:
- Visual inspection (A);
- Practical tests (B);
- Measurement (C);
- Observation during operation (D);
- Review of task-based risk assessment (E);
- Review of specifications, layout and documentation (F).
- New table of verification and validation added.

8 Information for use

8.1 General
The instructions for use shall contain the required information about guards, their safety parameters and
their functions (e.g. vertical or horizontal orientation), including installation and maintenance (see ISO
12100:2010, 6.4).
- Updated with the requirements of what directions to use the guard.

8.2 Guard hazards

Information shall be provided for any hazards associated with the guards themselves, for example
mechanical hazards or flammability of materials and relevant test results.
- Now including the requirement of relevant test results.

8.3 Installation
Instructions shall be supplied for the correct installation of guards and associated equipment.
When guards are to be attached to a structure, the instructions shall include requirements for fixing.
This includes but is not limited to:
- fixing to a floor;
- assembling of movable guards;
- number and types of fixings;
- compliance with other relevant standards, e.g. ISO 13857 and ISO 14119.

NOTE When guards are designed to be fixed to a concrete floor, instructions for installation can
refer to concrete classification. See for example EN 206-1 with classes C20/25 to C50/60 for compressive
strength.
- Includes new requirements.
 16

8.5 Removal of guards

Information shall be provided indicating actions to be taken before guards are removed, for example
machine power isolation, dissipation of stored energy and procedures for the removal of guards.
The information shall also prescribe requirements on procedures for the removal of guards, including
- the appropriate use of a tool (see 3.9) and
- the safe working procedure.
NOTE See also ISO 14118 and IEC 60204-1:2005, 5.3 and 5.4.
- Includes new requirements.

8.6 Inspection and maintenance

Details shall be provided of inspections to be carried out and maintenance required for, including:
- loss of or damage to any part of the guard, especially where this leads to deterioration of safety
performance, for example reduction of impact resistance from scratches to glazing materials;
- deformed or damaged part shall be repaired or replaced if the damage has negative influence on safety;
- replacement of wearing parts;
- correct operation of interlocks;
- degradation of jointing or fixing points;
- degradation by corrosion, temperature change, embrittlement or chemical attack;
- satisfactory operation and lubrication, if necessary, of moving parts;
- modification of safety distances and aperture sizes;
- degradation of acoustic performance, if applicable.
The information for use shall include requirements on the use of a tool (see 3.9).
- New requirement that the deformed or damaged part shall be repaired or replaced and that the informa-
tion of use shall include requirements on the use of a tool.

Annex A, Annex B
Both Annex A and Annex B from EN 953 are withdrawn from ISO 14120. New Annex A show example of
retained fastening and new Annex B shows example of projectile test method for mechanically testing
guards.

Annex C
Annex C is a new informative Annex that gives example of the pendulum test method for mechanically
testing guards. The pendulum test method can be used to test the resistance of guards against impacts
from outside the protected hazard zone and from inside the hazard zone.

The test method is based upon the impact of a “body”, which might be a human body (soft body) or a part
of a machine (hard body) falling under the effect of gravity and simulating the contact by the human body
with the guard or by part of the machine with guard.

Annex C describes test equipment, test object, test impact energies, resistance of guards against impacts
from outside the hazard zone and resistance of guards against impacts from inside the hazard zone and
what type of results and test reports that are required.

The pendulum test method used to test

resistance of guards against impacts.
 17

EC Declaration of Conformity
A Declaration of Conformity is a formal declaration by a manufacturer, or the manufacturer’s representative,
that the product to which it applies meets all relevant requirements of all product safety directives appli-
cable to that product. It is a sign that a product has been designed and constructed for compliance with
relevant essential requirements, and has been through the appropriate conformity assessment processes.

A Declaration of Conformity is not a quality certificate, nor a guarantee for safety. However, when properly
drawn up along with CE marking on the product, conformity of the product with the Directive(s) quoted
on the Declaration of Conformity may be presumed by suppliers in the distribution chain and by the end
customer, provided there are no obvious or known defects. Additionally, market surveillance authorities,
must presume that CE marked products, accompanied by a Declaration of Conformity comply with the
provisions of the Directive(s) mentioned, unless they have evidence to the contrary (for example by
examining or testing the product).

It should be noted that when more than one Directive is applicable to machinery, the conformity assess-
ment procedure required by each Directive may be different. In that case, the conformity assessment to be
carried out under each Directive concerns only the aspects that are covered more specifically by that Direc-
tive. Examples of specific Directives that apply instead of the Machinery Directive to machinery that
is in their scope are;

ATEX Directive (Directive 94/9/EC33 on equipment and protective systems intended for use in potenti
ally explosive atmospheres)
R&TTED (Directive 1999/5/EC45 on radio and telecommunications terminal equipment)
ROHS (Directive 2002/95/EC49 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical
and electronic equipment)
EMCD (Directive 2004/108/EC50 on electromagnetic compatibility)
LD (Directive 95/16/EC31 on lifts)

Each directive has slightly different requirements for the

content of its Declaration but some features are common
to all:

- Name/address of manufacturer (and of responsible

person where applicable)
- Model and/or serial number of equipment
- List of relevant directives
- List of standards used, with dates + amendments
- Declaration statement
- Name and position of person signing
- Signature
- Date

Troax Declaration
of Conformity
 18

CE marking
The CE marking must be applied to all machines supplied. The CE-marking affixed on the machinery
signifies that the machinery complies with all of the applicable EU legislation requiring the CE-marking
and that the appropriate conformity assessment procedures have been completed.

The CE marking affixed to the machinery and the manufacturer’s EC Declaration of Conformity that shall
accompany the machinery are the first elements that can be checked by the market surveillance authorities.
In particular, the EC Declaration of Conformity provides essential information to enable the market surveil-
lance authorities to carry out the necessary checks; The identity of the manufacturer of the machinery and
of his authorised representative, where appropriate; the person authorised to compile the technical file for
example.

The CE marking
The provisions on the CE marking of machinery set out in the Machinery Directive apply together with
the provisions of Regulation (EC) 765/2008 setting out the General Principles of the CE marking which apply
in a complementary way. Regulation (EC) 765/2008 defines ’CE marking’ as a marking by which the manu-
facturer indicates that the product is in conformity with the applicable requirements set out in community
harmonisation legislation providing for its affixing. By affixing or having affixed the CE marking, the
manufacturer indicates that he takes responsibility for the conformity of the product.

CE Marking process
- Identify all the applicable Directives
- Go through the demands, check the suppliers, make tests, document
- Get approval from 3rd part to make CE mark
- CE mark can be put on as a sticker on the product or just mentioned in documentation EC

CE markings of machine guards

When you CE mark a product you guarantee your product against all relevant directives. There are around
50 different directives within the European Community that you can CE mark your product against. Machine
safety components should be CE-marked as a guard.

But what constitutes a guard? The term ‘guard’ is used for parts of the machinery specifically designed to
fulfil a pro­tective function. Guards are defined as providing protection by means of a physical barrier such
as; a casing, a shield, a cover, a screen, a door, an enclosure or a fence. The fencing components like posts
and panels becomes a guard when it has been assembled and fastened to the floor.

Troax sometimes receives requests to supply CE marked safeguarding, but without having all the facts laid
out in the risk assessment, it is impossible. Our products are only components, like panels and posts, until
the completed machine guard system is installed. At that point, it can be CE marked.
 19

Quality Assured
Tested quality improves safety

Troax machine guarding systems provide safety for persons and machines. For us, it is important that you feel
safe in using our products. We test our systems to ensure their functions and to guarantee our internationally
known high quality. All tested systems, posts and panels are branded with the ”Quality Assured” symbol.

Troax Test Center

Our own development department is working continuously on optimizing products and system solutions.
Panels, posts and brackets are tested in accordance with the recommendations regarding impact testing in
Annex C in the revised standard ISO 14120. The tests are conducted by dropping weights on to the protec-
tion, weights equivalent to forces of 309 joules all the way up to 2,000 joules. For example, an impact of 1,600
joules is equivalent to 100 kg hitting the protection at 20 km/h.

Test reports
All systems and panels are tested. The results can be found in our test reports which show the type of panel,
post and bracket tested. The product information shows the amount of force that the product has been
subjected to and how much energy it can withstand. Watch the impact test movies at www.troax.com.
 Making your
world safe.
There are dangers for people, property, and processes in the world.
But there is no need to worry. Because we always strive to make it safe.
We are there, at your work, at your friends' and families' work, at your home,
and at your friends' and families' homes. You might not always see us or think
about us, but we are always there, protecting and making your world safe.

troax.com

201602-3340-EN

Troax AB P.O. Box 89, SE-330 33 Hillerstorp, Sweden

info@troax.com | + 46 (0)370-828 00