AS IEC 60060.

2:2018
IEC 60060-2:2010
AS IEC 60060.2:2018

High-voltage test techniques

Part 2: Measuring systems

This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.
 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

This Australian Standard ® was prepared by EL-007, Power Switchgear. It was approved on
behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 23 October 2018.
This Standard was published on 6 November 2018.

The following are represented on Committee EL-007:

Australian Industry Group
Energy Networks Australia
Engineers Australia
Testing Interest of Australia
University of New South Wales

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR AS IEC 60060.2:2018.
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Ensure you have the latest versions of our publications and keep up-to-date about
Amendments, Rulings, Withdrawals, and new projects by visiting:
www.standards.org.au
www.saiglobal.com (sales and distribution)

ISBN 978 1 76072 220 3

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018
IEC 60060-2:2010

High-voltage test techniques

This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

Part 2: Measuring systems

First published as AS IEC 60060.2:2018.

COPYRIGHT
© IEC 2018 — All rights reserved
© Standards Australia Limited 2018
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the
written permission of the publisher, unless otherwise permitted under the Copyright
Act 1968 (Cth).
Published by SAI Global Pty Limited under licence from Standards Australia Limited, GPO
Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia.
 AS IEC 60060.2:2018 ii

Preface
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee EL-007, Power Switchgear.
The objective of this Standard is applicable to complete measuring systems, and to their components,
used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct voltage,
alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages as specified in AS IEC 60060.1. For
measurements during on-site tests see AS IEC 60060.3. The limits on uncertainties of measurements
stated in this Standard apply to test levels stated in IEC 60071‑1:2006. The principles of this Standard
apply also to higher test levels but the uncertainty may be greater. This Standard also: defines
terms used; describes methods that estimate uncertainties of high-voltage measurements; states
requirements to be met by the measuring systems; describes methods for approving a measuring
system and checking its components; and describes procedures used to show that a measuring system
meets the requirements of this Standard, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement.
This Standard is identical with, and has been reproduced from, IEC  60060‑2:2010, High-voltage test
techniques ─ Part 2: Measuring systems.
As this document has been reproduced from an International Standard, the following applies:
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

(a) In the source text “this International Standard/this part of IEC  60060” should read “this
Australian Standard”.
(b) A full point substitutes for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.
Australian or Australian/New Zealand Standards that are identical adoptions of international
normative references may be used interchangeably. Refer to the online catalogue for information on
specific Standards.
The terms “normative” and “informative” are used in Standards to define the application of the
appendices or annexes to which they apply. A “normative” appendix or annex is an integral part of a
Standard, whereas an “informative” appendix or annex is only for information and guidance.

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

NOTES
 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

–2– 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010

CONTENTS
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 6
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative references ................................................................................................ 8
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Measuring systems .......................................................................................... 9
3.2 Components of a measuring system ................................................................... 9
3.3 Scale factors ................................................................................................. 10
3.4 Rated values ................................................................................................. 11
3.5 Definitions related to dynamic behaviour .......................................................... 11
3.6 Definitions related to uncertainty...................................................................... 13
3.7 Definitions related to tests on measuring systems ............................................. 14
4 Procedures for qualification and use of measuring systems......................................... 15
4.1 General principles .......................................................................................... 15
4.2 Schedule of performance tests ........................................................................ 16
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

4.3 Schedule of performance checks ..................................................................... 16

4.4 Requirements for the record of performance ..................................................... 16
4.4.1 Contents of the record of performance .................................................. 16
4.4.2 Exceptions ......................................................................................... 17
4.5 Operating conditions ...................................................................................... 17
4.6 Uncertainty .................................................................................................... 17
5 Tests and test requirements for an approved measuring system and its
components ........................................................................................................... 18
5.1 General requirements ..................................................................................... 18
5.2 Calibration – Determination of the scale factor .................................................. 19
5.2.1 Calibration of measuring systems by comparison with a reference
measuring system (preferred method) ................................................... 19
5.2.2 Determination of the scale factor of a measuring system from the
scale factors of its components (alternative method) ............................... 22
5.3 Linearity test.................................................................................................. 23
5.3.1 Application ......................................................................................... 23
5.3.2 Alternative methods in order of suitability .............................................. 24
5.4 Dynamic behaviour ......................................................................................... 25
5.4.1 General .............................................................................................. 25
5.4.2 Determination of the amplitude/frequency response ................................ 25
5.4.3 Reference method for impulse voltage measuring systems ...................... 26
5.5 Short-term stability ......................................................................................... 26
5.6 Long-term stability.......................................................................................... 26
5.7 Ambient temperature effect ............................................................................. 27
5.8 Proximity effect .............................................................................................. 27
5.9 Software effect .............................................................................................. 27
5.10 Uncertainty calculation of the scale factor ......................................................... 27
5.10.1 General .............................................................................................. 27
5.10.2 Uncertainty of the calibration ................................................................ 28
5.10.3 Uncertainty of measurement using an approved measuring system .......... 29
5.11 Uncertainty calculation of time parameter measurement (impulse voltages
only) ............................................................................................................. 30
5.11.1 General .............................................................................................. 30

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 –3–

5.11.2 Uncertainty of the time parameter calibration ......................................... 30

5.11.3 Uncertainty of time parameter measurement using an approved
measuring system ............................................................................... 31
5.12 Interference test (transmission system and instrument for impulse voltage
measurements) .............................................................................................. 32
5.13 Withstand tests of converting device ................................................................ 32
6 Measurement of direct voltage ................................................................................. 33
6.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system .............................................. 33
6.1.1 General .............................................................................................. 33
6.1.2 Uncertainty contributions ..................................................................... 33
6.1.3 Requirement on converting device ........................................................ 33
6.1.4 Dynamic behaviour for measuring voltage changes................................. 33
6.2 Tests on an approved measuring system .......................................................... 33
6.3 Performance check ........................................................................................ 34
6.3.1 General .............................................................................................. 34
6.3.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system ................................... 34
6.3.3 Check of the scale factors of the components ........................................ 35
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

6.4 Measurement of ripple amplitude ..................................................................... 35

6.4.1 Requirements ..................................................................................... 35
6.4.2 Uncertainty contributions ..................................................................... 35
6.4.3 Calibrations and tests on an approved ripple voltage measuring
system ............................................................................................... 35
6.4.4 Measurement of the scale factor at the ripple frequency .......................... 35
6.4.5 Dynamic behaviour by amplitude/frequency response ............................. 35
6.4.6 Performance check for ripple measuring system ..................................... 36
7 Measurement of alternating voltage .......................................................................... 36
7.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system .............................................. 36
7.1.1 General .............................................................................................. 36
7.1.2 Uncertainty contributions ..................................................................... 36
7.1.3 Dynamic behaviour .............................................................................. 36
7.2 Tests on an approved measuring system .......................................................... 38
7.3 Dynamic behaviour test .................................................................................. 38
7.4 Performance check ........................................................................................ 38
7.4.1 General .............................................................................................. 38
7.4.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system ................................... 38
7.4.3 Check of the scale factors of the components ........................................ 39
8 Measurement of lightning impulse voltage ................................................................. 40
8.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system .............................................. 40
8.1.1 General .............................................................................................. 40
8.1.2 Uncertainty contributions ..................................................................... 40
8.1.3 Requirement on measuring instrument .................................................. 40
8.1.4 Dynamic behaviour .............................................................................. 40
8.1.5 Connection to the test object ................................................................ 40
8.2 Tests on an approved measuring system .......................................................... 41
8.3 Performance test on measuring systems .......................................................... 42
8.3.1 Reference method (preferred) .............................................................. 42
8.3.2 Alternative method supplemented by a measurement of the step
response according to Annex C ............................................................ 42
8.4 Dynamic behaviour test .................................................................................. 43

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

–4– 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010

8.4.1 Comparison with a reference measuring system (preferred) ..................... 43

8.4.2 Alternative method based on step response parameters (Annex C) .......... 43
8.5 Performance check ........................................................................................ 43
8.5.1 Comparison with an approved measuring system ................................... 43
8.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components ........................................ 43
8.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record ....................................... 43
9 Measurement of switching impulse voltage ................................................................ 43
9.1Requirements for an approved measuring system .............................................. 43
9.1.1 General .............................................................................................. 43
9.1.2 Uncertainty contribution ....................................................................... 44
9.1.3 Requirements for the measuring instrument ........................................... 44
9.1.4 Dynamic behaviour .............................................................................. 44
9.1.5 Connection to the test object ................................................................ 44
9.2 Tests on an approved measuring system .......................................................... 44
9.3 Performance test on measuring systems .......................................................... 44
9.3.1 Reference method (preferred) .............................................................. 44
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

9.3.2 Alternative methods supplemented by a step response measurement ....... 45

9.4 Dynamic behaviour test by comparison............................................................. 45
9.5 Performance check ........................................................................................ 45
9.5.1 Scale factor check by comparison with an approved measuring
system ............................................................................................... 45
9.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components ........................................ 45
9.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record ....................................... 45
10 Reference measuring systems ................................................................................. 47
10.1 Requirements for reference measuring systems ................................................ 47
10.1.1 Direct voltage ..................................................................................... 47
10.1.2 Alternating voltage .............................................................................. 47
10.1.3 Full and chopped lightning and switching impulse voltages ...................... 47
10.2 Calibration of a reference measuring system ..................................................... 47
10.2.1 General .............................................................................................. 47
10.2.2 Reference method: Comparative measurement ...................................... 47
10.2.3 Alternative method for impulse voltages: Measurement of scale factor
and evaluation of step response parameters .......................................... 47
10.3 Interval between successive calibrations of reference measuring systems ........... 47
10.4 Use of reference measuring systems................................................................ 48
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty of measurement ......................................................... 49
Annex B (informative) Examples for the calculation of measuring uncertainties in high-
voltage measurements .................................................................................................. 57
Annex C (informative) Step response measurements ...................................................... 65
Annex D (informative) Convolution method for the determination of dynamic behaviour
from step response measurements ................................................................................. 70
Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 73

Figure 1 – Amplitude-frequency response with examples for limit frequencies (f 1; f 2 ) ........... 12

Figure 2 – Calibration by comparison over the full voltage range ....................................... 20
Figure 3 – Uncertainty contributions of the calibration (example with minimum of 5
voltage levels) .............................................................................................................. 21
Figure 4 – Calibration by comparison over a limited voltage range, with an additional
linearity test ................................................................................................................. 22

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 –5–

Figure 5 – Linearity test of the measuring system with a linear device in the extended
voltage range ............................................................................................................... 24
Figure 6 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for single fundamental frequencies f nom (to be tested in
the range (1….7) f nom ) .................................................................................................. 37
Figure 7 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for a range of fundamental frequencies f nom1 to f nom2 (to
be tested in the range f nom1 to 7 f nom2 ) ........................................................................... 38
Figure A.1 – Normal probability distribution p(x) ............................................................... 55
Figure A.2 – Rectangular probability distribution p(x) ........................................................ 56
Figure B.1 – Comparison between the system under test, X, and the reference system, N ... 64
Figure B.2 – Front time deviation ΔT 1,j of system X, related to the reference system N,
and their mean ΔT 1m in the range of T 1 = 0,8 ms … 1,6 ms ................................................ 64
Figure C.1 – Definitions of response parameters.............................................................. 68
Figure C.2 – A unit-step response g(t) showing an initial distortion of initial distortion
time T 0 ........................................................................................................................ 69
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

Figure C.3 – Suitable circuits for step response measurement .......................................... 69

Table 1 – Tests required for an approved direct voltage measuring system ........................ 34
Table 2 – Required tests for uncertainty contributions in ripple measurement ..................... 36
Table 3 – Tests required for an approved alternating voltage measuring system ................. 39
Table 4 – Tests required for an approved lightning impulse voltage measuring system ........ 41
Table 5 – Tests required for a switching impulse voltage measuring system ....................... 46
Table 6 – Recommended response parameters for impulse voltage reference
measuring systems ....................................................................................................... 48
Table A.1 – Coverage factor k for effective degrees of freedom ν eff (p = 95,45 %) .............. 54
Table A.2 – Schematic of an uncertainty budget .............................................................. 55
Table B.1 – Result of the comparison measurement at a single voltage level ...................... 58
Table B.2 – Summary of results for h = 5 voltage levels (V Xmax = 500 kV) .......................... 59
Table B.3 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F X ......................................... 60
Table B.4 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F........................................... 61
Table B.5 – Calibration result for front time T 1 and deviations ........................................... 63
Table B.6 – Uncertainty budget of the front time deviation ΔT 1cal ...................................... 63

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

–6– 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________

HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 2: Measuring systems

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization c omprising
all national electrotechnic al committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promot e
international c o-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter ref erred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National C ommittee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this pr eparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined b y
agreement between the two organizations.
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

2) The formal decisions or agr eements of IEC on technic al matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National C ommittees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of rec ommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that s ense. W hile all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are us ed or for any
misinterpr etation by any end us er.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC N ational Committees undertake to apply IEC Public ations
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in s ome areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical c ommittees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expens es arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative referenc es cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispens able f or the corr ect application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60060-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-
voltage test techniques.

This third edition of IEC 60060-2 cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1994,
and constitutes a technical revision.

The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:

a) The general layout and text was updated and improved to make the standard easier to
use.
b) The standard was revised to align it with IEC 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 AS IEC 60060.2:2018

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 –7–

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

42/281/FDIS 42/287/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

A list of all parts of IEC 60060 series, under the general title High-voltage test techniques, can
be found on the IEC website.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part-2.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to this specific publication. At this date, the publication will be:

· reconfirmed,
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

· withdrawn,
· replaced by a revised edition, or
· amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

© Standards Australia Limited 2018

 This is a free preview. Purchase the entire publication at the link below:

AS IEC 60060.2:2018 High-voltage test techniques

- Measuring systems
This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version online.

Looking for additional Standards? Visit SAI Global Infostore

Subscribe to our Free Newsletters
Do you need to Manage Standards Collections Online?
Learn about LexConnect, All Jurisdictions, Standards referenced in Australian legislation
Do you want to know when a Standard has changed?
Create safe work processes for the workplace with our Safe Work Method Statements

Learn about other SAI Global Services:

LOGICOM Military Parts and Supplier Database

Metals Infobase Database of Metal Grades, Standards and Manufacturers
Materials Infobase Database of Materials, Standards and Suppliers
Database of European Law, CELEX and Court Decisions

Need to speak with a Customer Service Representative - Contact Us