Lemon Battery As Alternative Energy
Lemon Battery As Alternative Energy
Revised
Chapter:
Chapter 1
to
Chapter 3
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ABSTRACT
This investigatory project we are going to explain the process as well as other
variables that could affect the final result which is lighting a bulb using citrus fruits. By
the use of electrolytes in the citrus we could accumulate enough voltage to light a bulb
We have gathered data by buying the 2 of the same kind of citrus fruits from
one vendor and bought another 2 from other vendors like puregold for comparison of
the quality because whenever you buy ones form the supermarkert we can be assured
that it is high quality because of the quality inspection that they conduct form their
of the voltage and also so that our connection does not have that great of resistance in
terms of flow of the electricity from fruit to fruit or from fruit to light .So we have first
started to measure the individual voltage of the citrus fruits to identify how many
As for the development of this is that by suing citrus fruits we could generate
electricity for small time works that could some up to at least 6 voltage and by doing
this process we could also help the environment by conducting this kind things instead
of wasting or using batteries that could potentially harm our environment and also can
We therefore conclude that there are electrolytes in citrus fruits that can light up
a bulb with a small amount of voltage. We also noticed that the penny and the nail helps
time. People depend their life often through electricity, and it is better needed when
from methods such as solar power, hydropower, wind power, natural gas, and the like.
All devices which facilitate our life and impact a big portion of our life require
Batteries is one the most common source of electricity especially for smaller
gadgets and devices that need electric power to work. Batteries store chemical energy
and transform this energy into electricity. Many kinds of batteries according to
The safeties way to generate alternative source is through citrus fruit. Any type
of citrus fruit, be it lemon, orange or sweet lime, will generate electricity when they are
properly connected in a completed electrical circuit. In a fruit circuit, the fruit acts as a
battery. The citric acid and water in the fruit act as an electrolyte, thus enabling the flow
of electricity through the circuit. In a normal battery, be it of any size, two metals are
used to generate electrons, and a conductive chemical eases the flow of these electrons
through the circuit. When the fruit acts as a battery, the acid and water contained in it
Citrus fruits, such as lemon, orange, kalamansi, and pomeloare fruits that belong
to the Rutaceae family which are acidic and contain a healthy nutritional content. It is
also considered as one the main fruit tree crop in the world.
Copper, on the other hand, is a very high thermal and electricity conductor. Pure
coppers are soft and malleable making it easy for manipulation. The excellent alloying
properties of copper have made it invaluable when combined with other metals, such
as zinc (to form brass), tin (to form bronze), or nickel. When it is combined with Zinc,
which is the iron nail, and a citrus fruit, it can produce a bit of voltage depending on the
Renewable energy is the most sustainable way to generate power, and we must
continue to develop the various technologies in order to replace fossil fuels. We should
continue to develop renewable for this three key reasons: Environmental Impact,
Human Health and Energy Service. Renewable energy sources such as solar are
available locally, and allows nations to generate their own power. The ability to
generate power in your own backyard reduces the dependence on imported sources of
citrus fruits like lemon, supplying people small amount of electricity when
2. How much voltage capacity can a lemon fruit produce without the use of the
3. If affected by the condition of the lemon, what could be the output voltage?
energy.
1. To know the actual voltage output of per piece of the samples that’s going to be
used.
2. To know the factors that could affect the sample that’s going to be used.
3. To know what could be the total voltage output capacity of electricity if the
D. Hypothesis
• Null Hypothesis
If there are alternative source of electricity, then we could have a basis for future
innovative experiments.
• Alternative Hypothesis
If there are no alternative source of electricity, then we could not have a basis for future
innovative experiments.
our daily lives and could use to have a bigger role in the society or even globally.
Researchers aim is to resource the use of fuel, fossil, oil or other means of conducting
electricity and create an alternative one. To put simply an Eco friendly one and could
To the Economy: Through this research, researchers can able to minimize the use of
biogas and when globally breakdown happened, people can find ways on how to make
To the Industry: The outcome of this study may develop a new source of safe and
renewable energy from citrus fruits that can be introduced to the public when power
outages encounter. It is also be useful, for the materials to be use are cheaper, present
To the future researchers: The ideas presented may be used as reference data in
conducting new researches with the same kind or in testing the validity of other related
findings
The use of lemon have many limitations and variables to consider. An example
its limitations is the time that the lemon have been harvested or it has been ripened.
Another one is the condition that the fruit is in if it’s rotten, good or perfectly well.
Another thing is the room temperature and humidity of the testing site. All this variables
can affect the output voltage of the specimen that’s going to be sampled.
which could only use in a small amount for small electronic device that require
electricity. This study is focused on lemon generating small electronic gadget not with
refrigerator and television. The experiment is therefore limited towards the researchers’
residence.
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G. Definition of Terms
possibility
Bio Gas– is a type of biofuel that is naturally produced from the decomposition
of organic waste.
system.
Fossil fuel - a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past
Hydropower - is a form of renewable energy that uses the water stored in dams,
Outage - a period when a power supply or other service is not available or when
Renewable Source – is natural source which does not have limited supply. It
Rutacea – The rutaceae are a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus
Solar Power - power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays.
F. Conceptual Framework
This study aims a good outcome wherein the extraction of electrolytes from
potato and lemon as a quick alternative source of immediate electricity would be tested
by the researchers of STEM strand. In order to reach the good outcomes that the
researchers aim. They will conduct to experiments in this study. First, is use the citrus
fruits as a socket and source of electricity. Second, Make use of the experiment while
using the provided materials such as nails, copper wire, alligator clip, and specially the
The outcome that the researchers were striking is to determine which of the two
way experiments are the most effective in extracting electrolytes from a lemon as an
INPUT
To know whether
there are another way
of producing an
alternative source of
energy.
PROCESS
By the use of nail, coin and
alligator clips, make some test
in how the energy transfer
from the lemon. Lemon
conduct electricity electricity
by helping the circuit. If you
join a few of them in a series,
in the circuit, you will be able
to produce enough electricity
that can light up a light bulb.
OUTPUT
The study proves
that there are
electrolytes in the
citrus fruits that can
light up a bulb with
a small amount of
voltage.
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CHAPTER 2
This chapter includes literatures and studies of foreign and local authors
considered relevant to this study. The researchers believe that the ideas based by the
Foreign Studies
requirement pattern of the world is growing and its accessible sources which exhausting
the earth are highly used. Sustainable power sources are getting into consideration due
to environment problems associated with the usage of electricity. The MSW (Municipal
solid waste) composition data in Benghazi Libya, from 1997 to 2009, was collected to
An incinerator with capacity of 47,250 kg/h was confirmed to burn all the
quantity of waste generated by the city through the next 15 years. In the power
generation case, the system was observed to be able to generate electrical power of 13.1
MW. Including the combined heat power case, the results showed that the system was
able to produce 6.8 million m3/year of desalinated water and generate 11.33 MW of
electricity. The CHP designed system has the greatest potential to maximize energy
saving, due to the optimal combination of heat production and electricity generation.
Muske, et al. (2007) stated that the battery is made out of a progression of lemon
juice cells produced using UV– viscuvets that use a magnesium anode and copper
cathode. Weakening of the lemon juice to decrease the rate of consumption of the
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magnesium anode and the addition of table salt to reduce the internal resistance of the
In another study by The ScienceBuddies (2015) found that the battery has a
copper and aluminum electrode separated by electrolyte lemon juice. It will generate
electricity as soon as the electricity has a path to flow from one electrode to the other.
Creating a path using strips of aluminum and letting the aluminum strips touch provides
a very easy way for the electricity to run from one electrode to the other.
Plastic and wood do not conduct electricity well; none will be felt when using
electricity. However, the batteries also have chemicals that can be hazardous to our
environment and even in our health. These chemicals in our industry are affecting the
electricity that we are using for our daily use and because of that, modern batteries are
also affected with those chemicals positively and negatively. They make batteries work
for long-lasting hours and deliver energy fast but they make batteries hazardous for
Also one of the most dangerous source of energy is using fossil fuel may
increase the temperature of the planet in ways that it will harm us and our entire
ecosystem. So we need to find other sources of energy that do not emit carbon dioxide
when used.
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batteries use electrolytes (solution containing free ions, like salt water or lemon juice)
material, like metal. Metals are conductors not because electricity passes through them,
but due to the fact they contain electrons that can move. Lipper think of the steel wire
like a hose full of water. The water can move thru the hose. An insulator would be like
Research confirmed that the larger the fruit will be use, the bigger the voltage
is generated. After raiding the refrigerator and discovering cheaper parts from Radio
Shack, it creates a fruit battery that ought to register on the digital voltmeter.
A similar study conducted by Celia DiMicoli and Teresa Kras (2018) revealed
that there is a chemical reaction between the steel in the zinc plated screw and the lemon
juice. It also have a chemical reaction between the copper in the penny and the lemon
juice. Because the two metals are different, the electrons get pushed harder in one
direction than the other. If the metals were the same, the push would be equal and no
electrons would flow. The electrons flow in one direction around in a circle and then
Local Studies
According to Enteria, et al. (2015) Philippines have one of the highest price of
electricity in Asia, due residential sector consumes a large percentage of the country’s
solar photovoltaic panels on rooftop can minimize the house’s energy consumption.
Reid (2014) indicated that electrical charges emitted by specific products which
organic product radiates the most electrical charge in a natural product battery. In a bit
of natural product there are acidic substances. When you make an organic product
battery the synthetic vitality in the corrosive is changed over into electrical vitality,
much the same as a standard battery, accordingly making a circuit and creating a little
measure of power.
There are 2 metals that have been used for this experiment which is copper and
zinc (or galvanized). The zinc nail is a functioning metal, which reacts with the acid in
the fruit. An exchange of electrons happens between the zinc nail and the acid from the
fruit. The nails as poles for the battery, one positive and one negative. Electrons travel
from the positive pole to the negative pole by means of the leads (the transmitter)
for the motive that citizen who inhabits it turn out to be careless in maintaining its
beauty.
As a citizen living in a third world country - low economic status and high
market demands, they want to uphold the awareness of the side effects of disposing
batteries, which are hazardous and harmful to the environment. The fruits have the
capability to exert electrical energy that can mild up an LED light. The well-executed
find out about was carried out at Gasmen’s residence, their team mate. Pros and cons
are examined on the said location. It is natural and designed to cause as less harm as
possible to the environment. Results had been remarkable and proved there can be an
CHAPTER III
A. Research design
solve our problems, to save energy, to protect our environment and encourages us not
to use fossil fuels but instead be an eco-friendly human. As Cherry (2018) stated that
applied research refers to scientific studies and research that seeks to solve practical
problems. This type of research plays an important role in solving everyday problems
that often have an impact on life, work, health, and overall well-being. Applied
research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop
innovative technologies.
Such as the subject of the study is the conversion or extraction of the electric
properties of lemon and use it as an alternative source of electricity that can be used in
our daily lives. By using this we can conserve our natural resources and keep an eco-
friendly environment.
By using the lemon after the extraction of the electric properties we can
consume the said factors because the method that’s going to be used is just a
puncturing of the subject and then connecting it to device or storage that we’re going
to used. We can use this while still maintaining the nutrients inside the used fruits.
Even after consumption we can throw it in a pot hole for soil fertilization.
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The researchers accumulated data through experimentation and observation. First, the
researchers became familiar with the experiment and the set up. There must be a
power source and a complete circuit to enable the generation of electricity. The
component of the circuit includes: citrus fruits such as apple, lemon, lime, orange,
pears, and kiwi, wire, two metal elements and small light bulb. The citrus fruits serves
as the powerhouse.
4. Push a concrete nail into each of the citrus fruits, opposite the penny. Don’t let
5. Use a set of alligator clips to connect a nail on one fruit to a penny on another
citrus fruits.
6. Connect all the citrus fruits together with alligator clips. Each set of alligator
7. Connect one of the last alligator clips to the only open penny.
8. Connect the other clip to the only open nail. Now you have to unused clips on
9. Lastly, attach the two loose alligator clips to the LED. The chemical energy in
the citrus fruits has been used to power the LED with electrical energy.
10. Use multitester to know what is the actual voltage of each citrus fruits.
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CHAPTER IV
In this chapter the researchers are able to present the summary of findings and
source of energy are proven by using table that presents the volts and the results of the
experiment.
Summary of Findings:
The focus of this study is to determine whether the citrus fruit have enough
voltage to produce such energy that can light up a mini led bulb. as seen on the table
1, the average total result of 4 lemons at the range of 0.1 and 0.25 (ohms/Ω) is still
measuring of it is too low meaning the voltage that’s coming out of the fruit is too
high for this setting and for the next ranges is 2.5 to 3.3, 10 to 2.5 and 50 to .4.
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As for the 2nd table we can easily conclude that the production of electrolytes
in pomelo, orange, dalandan can lit the led bulb by the same circuit same as the 1st
table. In by doing so the produced voltage at the meter range of 0.1 and 0.25 is too
low a range because the volts that’s coming up from the fruits is too high for it to be
measured. When at 2.5 volts is at 2.3.if is in the 10 volts range is1.5. Finally at the 50
range it is at .3, upon computing all three 3 volt range all volt readings is with
For the 3rd table the average total result of 3 grapefruit at the range of 0.1 and
0.25 is the same with table 1 and 2, which the electricity is continues meaning there is
no resistance formed. The next range is 2.5 volts is 2.2, at the range of 10 the voltage
As for the 4nd table we can easily conclude that the production of electrolytes in all the
citrus fruits that we have used can lit the led bulb by the same circuit same as the all
table. In by doing so the produced voltage at the meter range of 0.1 and 0.25 is too
low a range because the volts that’s coming up from the fruits is too high for it to be
measured. When at 2.5 volts is at 7.5, if is in the 10 volts the range is 5.3. Finally at
the 50 range it is at 1.3, upon computing all three 3 volt range, all volt readings is with
accordance that the led bulb could be lit. Even if we deduct some of the fruits or if we
used different combination of fruits in the circuit we can easily lit the led bulb
because just as the previous tables have showed us that even at the point of only
suing two fruits even if it’s the same or different the result of is still the same which is
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
Based on the acquired data that the researchers have gathered, the researchers
1. The study proves that there are electrolytes in the citrus fruits that can
that can generate electricity depending on the amount and the load of
that the light bulb form the acid capacity can light.
2. The strength of the acid is the one that determines whether or not the
organic product, which is the citrus fruits, can conduct more electricity.
3. The penny, which serves as the copper and the concrete nail, which
serves as the zinc, helps the citrus fruit to gain more voltage. Citrus
very weak current. But if you join a few of them in a series, in the
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circuit, you will be able to produce enough electricity that can light up
4. The fruit that have the highest electrolytes is lemon, while pomelo is
the least that can gain electrolytes. In between of the lemon and
pomelo are the following citrus fruits; grapefruit, orange and dalandan.
5. The citric acid and water in the fruit act as an electrolyte which helps the
flow of electricity through the circuit. When the fruit acts as a battery, the
CHAPTER VI
RECOMMENDATION
Base on the result of the study, the researchers give the following
recommendation for an exact outcome of the product for the future researchers:
In choosing the right citrus fruit for the experiment, make sure to know what
fruit have the highest electrolytes in order to lessen the time in making or
preparing the series of circuit. And also to lessen the expenses in buying fruits
Choose the right materials and equipment the first time to lessen the time
Base on the result of the study, the researchers give the following
Many small household items could be powered using citrus fruits. Hand-held
pen bulbs, LED's that use less electricity than the usual light bulbs, and even
calculators could be powered using citrus fruits. There are around 1.5 volts in
an AA battery. Lemons along with zinc and copper anodes produce almost one
volt of energy, so five lemons could possibly charge an IPhone or IPod. The
available in markets provide ,but it will surely can be an alternative for use to
Plant more lemons to produce more lemon fruits so that when the need arises
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM
VITAE
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PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 17
Birth Date : March 09, 2001
Birth Place : Manila
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language : Filipino and English
Height : 5’0
Weight : 45 kg
Sex : Female
Father : Rex R. Alcantara
Occupation : N/A
Mother : Nelia B. Alcantara
Occupation : Bank Employee
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RENELLIE MAE B. ALCANTARA
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 17
Birth Date : November 16, 2000
Birth Place : Calapacuan, Subic, Zambales
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Catholic
Language : Filipino and English
Height : 5’3
Weight : 38 kg
Sex : Female
Father : Alexander Dela Cruz
Occupation : Fisherman
Mother : Teresa Dela Cruz
Occupation : Business Woman
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ASHLEY ANNE C. DELA CRUZ
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JESSA ORTEGA
#0316 Calapandayan, Subic Zambales
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Email Address: jessaortega@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 17
Birth Date : April 14, 2001
Birth Place : San Marcelino, Zambales
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Catholic
Language : Filipino and English
Height : 5’4
Weight : 48 kg
Sex : Female
Father : William Ortega
Occupation : School Maintenance
Mother : Redempta Ortega
Occupation : N/A
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JAMELLE P. EDUSADA
Purok 5 Reyes St. Calapacuan, Subic Zambales
Cellphone Number:09214063238
Email Address: jamelle.edusada@yahoo.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 18
Birth Date : June 06, 2000
Birth Place : Manila
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Catholic
Language : Tagalog and English
Height : 5’8
Weight : 60 kg
Sex : Male
Father : Mel Edusada
Occupation : Crane Operator
Mother : BelmaEdusada
Occupation : House Wife
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JAMELLE P. EDUSADA
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