Computers
Computers
INTRODUCTION
Word Processing is perhaps the most common and comparatively easier application to
work on any computer. A word processor lets you to change words or phrases,
to move whole sections of text from one place to another, store blocks of text,
align margins all in few seconds. Use of word processors has changed the look of
official correspondence, reports, and proposals etc. to a great extent. MS Word is an
advanced word processing product by Microsoft company. The powerful features of
Word will allow you to create even graphic based multicolumn publications such as
Fliers, News letters and Internet web pages.
You will notice some obvious changes immediately after starting Word 2007. For starters, the top
bar has a completely new look, consisting of new features, buttons and naming conventions.
Don’t be alarmed, Word has been redesigned with a fresh new look that offers a more efficient
and straight forward approach. What’s new in Word 2007 is outlined below.
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1. Microsoft Office Button: A button that provides access to menu commands in Word. The
Microsoft Office Button replaces the File button in previous versions. Here is where you will find
commonly known features such as New, Open, Save, Print and Recent Documents. This is also
where you will find the Word Options commands that were previously located in the Tools menu in
previous versions.
2. Ribbon: An area across the top of the screen that makes almost all the capabilities of Word
available in a single area. The Ribbon replaces the menus and toolbars in previous versions.
The Ribbon exposes most of the features that used to be hidden in File menus. The Ribbon makes it
easier to see and find commands to format your document. The Ribbon can be reduced to a single line
of tabs by pressing CTRL + F1.
3. Tab: An area on the Ribbon that contains buttons that are organized in groups. The default tabs
are Home, Insert, Page Layout, Reference, Mailings, Review and View.
4. Quick Access Toolbar: A customizable toolbar at the top of an active document. By default the
Quick Access Toolbar displays the Save, Undo, and Repeat buttons and is used for easy access to
frequently used commands. To customize this toolbar click on the drop down arrow and select the
commands you want to add.
5. Title Bar: A horizontal bar at the top of an active document. This bar displays the name of the
document and application. At the right end of the Title Bar is the Minimize, Restore and Close buttons.
6. Groups Categories: A Group of buttons on a tab that are exposed and easily accessible. These
buttons were formally embedded in menus on the Menu Bar.
7. Dialog Box Launcher: A button that launches a dialog box containing options for refining a
command.
8. Status Bar: A horizontal bar at the bottom of an active window that gives details about the
active document.
9. View Toolbar: A toolbar that enables, adjusts, and displays different views of a document’s content.
10. Zoom Button: A button that magnifies or reduces the contents in the document window.
The New Word Environment
The new Word environment has been designed so that its powerful features areeasier to find when you
need them. This design reflects the way in which people generally work with the program.
In previous versions, commands were primarily located in a Menu list. In Word 2007 the commands
are displayed on the Ribbon for easy access.
• Tabs sit across the top of the Ribbon. Each one contains buttons that are organized in groups.
• Groups are sets of related commands. They pull together all the commands you're likely to need
for a type of task, and they remain on display and readily available, giving you rich visual aids.
• Commands are represented as Buttons. The term Buttons replaces the term Icon in previous versions.
Contextual Tabs are designed to appear on the Ribbon when certain objects or commands are
selected. These tabs provide easy access to options specific to the selected object or command.
For example, the commands for editing a picture will not be available until the picture is selected, at
which time the Picture Tools tab will appear.
To Create a New Word Document:
Navigating in a Document
The following table lists ways to navigate in a document using your keyboard to
move the insertion point in an active document:
Editing and Proofing Documents
Selecting Text
• Select a word: Click and drag or double-click on the word
• Select a sentence: Click and drag or click in the sentence while holding down the CTRL key
• Select a paragraph: Click and drag or triple-click in the paragraph or double-click in the
selection area to the left of the paragraph
• Select a block of text: Click and drag or click to the left of the first word, hold down the SHIFT
key, and then immediately click to the right of the last word
• Select a line: Click and drag or click in the selection to the left of the line
• Select an entire document: Triple-click in the selection area or hit the CTRL + A keys
• Deleting text: Select the text and hit the DELETE key
• Undo an action: On the Quick Access Toolbar click the Undo key
Deleting Text
When deleting text in your document you can either use the Delete key or the
Backspace key. The Delete key deletes text to the right of your cursor while the
Backspace key deletes text to the left of your cursor.
Cut, Copy and Paste
Often times you will need to move text from one location in a document to another, or to a
different application. In this case you will perform a Cut and Paste. To reproduce a specific
part of a document and place it elsewhere, you will perform a Copy and Paste.
To Cut Text:
To Copy Text:
To Paste Text:
1) Click in the area of the document where you want to paste your text
2) Click on the Paste icon located on the Home tab in the Clipboard group
Formatting a Document
Commands for font formatting can be found on the Home tab in the Font group.
For more font formatting options click on the Dialog Box Launcher in the lowerright corner
of the group. This will launch the Font dialog box.
You can also use the MiniToolbar. The Mini Toolbar is activated when you select text to be
formatted. This toolbar is miniature and semi-transparent to help you work with fonts, font styles,
font sizing, alignment, text color, indent levels, and bullet features.
Live Preview
Using Live Preview temporarily applies formatting on selected text or objects whenever a formatting
command is hovered. This allows you to quickly see how the formatting options will look before they
are made.
a. Click the arrow next to the Font box and move the pointer over the fonts that you want to preview.
b. Click the arrow next to the Font Size box and move the pointer over the font sizes that you
want to preview.
c. Click the arrow next to the Text Highlight Color button and move the pointer over the
highlight or fill colors that you want to preview.
d. Click the arrow next to the Font Color button and move the pointer over the font colors that you
want to preview.
When you finish previewing the formatting choices, do one of the following:
• To apply the previewed formatting, click the selected font name, size, or color in the list.
• To cancel live previewing without applying any changes, press ESC.
Formatting a Paragraph
A paragraph is a select group of text that can have its own formatting
characteristics, such as alignment, spacing and styles.
Commands for paragraph formatting can be found on the Home tab in the
Saving and Closing a New Document
To Save a New Document
1) On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Save button
~OR~
To create a table within your document, go to Insert Tab > Tables box > Table button. Choose the
desired table size and format by hovering over the boxes, and press Enter on the keyboard. The
table will be inserted at the cursor’s location within your document. To navigate within your table,
use the arrow keys. To modify your table, when your table is selected, a Design Tab and Layout Tab
will appear in the Toolbar. From here, you can add cells, columns or rows, merge or
split cells, and further modify your table. To exit the table, click outside of it.
Headers and Footers can be used to give a uniform look to the pages of your document.
To create one, go to Insert Tab > Header and Footer. Use this toolbar to insert and format words
and objects in the header. When editing the header, a new Top View will appear that is specific to
headers and footers.
Creating the Main Document
From the Tools menu Letters and MailingMail Merge.
Select Letters. and under Step 1 of 6, Click on Next : Starting document as shown in the
above window (step 1).
Now Select an Existing Data Source i.e. the file address.doc and Click on Open Button.
Click Ok.
There are several options while printing letters. You may print all letters or selectively. It is
advisable to check the formatting and other details of merged documents before sending
them to printer.
SHORTCUT KEYS
The shortcut keys listed below can be a great help when using Microsoft Office products.
Not only are they quick and easy, they are also amazing time savers.
Excel and Word have a lot in common, since they both belong to the MS Office suite of
programs. This means that if you are familiar with Word, then you already know how to use
several Excel features!
In the Word section of this manual, you’ll be able to find more information and guidance on
Using the mouse and keyboard
Starting the program
The Office button and ribbon
Character formatting
Opening, saving and printing files
Accessing Help
What is Excel?
Excel is all about numbers! There’s almost no limit to what you can do with numbers in Excel,
including sorting, advanced calculations, and graphing. In addition, Excel’s formatting options
mean that whatever you do with your numbers, the result will always look professional!
Data files created with Excel are called workbooks (in the same way as Word files are called
documents). But where Word starts up with a single blank page, Excel files by default contain
three blank worksheets. This gives you the flexibility to store related data in different locations
within the same file. More worksheets can be added, and others deleted, as required.
You’ll often hear Excel files referred to as spreadsheets. This is a generic term, which
sometimes means a workbook (file) and sometimes means a worksheet (a page within the
file). For the sake of clarity, I’ll be using the terms workbook and worksheet in this manual.
Use the arrow keys to move to the desired cell, which is automatically selected.
To select multiple cells, hold down the [SHIFT] key while the first cell is active,
and then use the arrow keys to select the rest of the range.
Similarly, to select all the cells in column, you should click on the column heading (A, B, C,
etc) at the top edge of the worksheet. Hold down the mouse button and drag across column
headings to select multiple adjacent columns. Hold down [CTRL] if you want to select a set of
non-adjacent columns.
You can quickly select all the cells in a worksheet by clicking the square to the immediate left
of the Column A heading (just above the label for Row 1).
Entering data
Before you start entering data, you need to decide whether this is a completely new project
deserving a workbook of its own, or whether the data you are going to enter relates to an
existing workbook. Remember that you can always add a new worksheet to an existing
workbook, and you’ll find it much easier to work with related data if it’s all stored in the same
file.
1. Click on the Office button, select New and then Blank Workbook.
2. Sheet 1 of a new workbook will be displayed on your screen, with cell A1 active.
1. Click on the Office button, click Open, and then navigate to the drive and folder
containing the file you want to open.
2. Double-click on the required file name.
Moving data
You’ve already entered some data, and want to move it to a different area on the worksheet?
1. Select the cells you want to move (they will become highlighted).
2. Move the cursor to the border of the highlighted cells. When the cursor changes from a white
cross to a four-headed arrow (the move pointer), hold down the left mouse button.
3. Drag the selected cells to a new area of the worksheet, then release the mouse button.
You can also cut the selected data using the ribbon icon or [CTRL] + [X], then click in the top
left cell of the destination area and paste the data with the ribbon icon or [CTRL] + [V].
Formatting rows and columns
Any of the cell formatting options above can easily be applied to all the cells contained in one
or more rows or columns. Simply select the rows or columns by clicking on the row or column
labels, and then click on the formatting icons that you want to apply.
You may also want to adjust the width of a column:
To automatically adjust the width, select the required columns, and then in the
Cell group on the Home ribbon, select Format, Cell Size, Autofit Column Width.
To specify an exact column width, select the columns, and then in the Cell group
on the Home ribbon, select Format, Cell Size, Column Width, and type the
value you want.
To automatically adjust the height, select the required rows, and then in the Cell group on the
Home ribbon, select Format, Cell Size, Autofit Row Height.
To set a row or rows to a specific height, select the rows, and then in the Cell group on the Home
ribbon, select Format, Cell Size, Row Height, and type the value that you want.
Formulas
Formulas are the key to Excel’s amazing power and versatility! By using a formula, you can
find the answer to virtually any calculation you can think of! In this section I’m going to explain
how to construct a formula, and give you some guidelines to ensure that your formulas work
correctly.
Creating a formula
Rule number one: a formula always starts with an equals sign (“=”). This lets Excel know that
it’s going to have to work something out.
In the body of the formula, you’re going to tell Excel what you want it to calculate. You can
use all the standard maths operations, like addition and multiplication, and you can include
numbers, cell references, or built in functions (which are covered in the next section of this
manual).
For example, suppose you have a retail business. You buy stock at cost price, and add a 25%
markup to calculate your selling price. VAT must be added to that at 14%. You give a 5%
discount to long-standing customers who pay their accounts promptly. Let’s look at how
formulas can make the calculations simple for you:
In column A, the Stock Item labels have just been typed in. In column B, the Cost Price values
have just been typed in. In column C, I’ve used a formula. Cell C2 contains “=B2 * 25%”.
This works out 25% of the value in cell B2 (cost price), and displays the result in cell C2.
In column D, I’ve used a formula. Cell D2 contains “=B2 + C2”. This adds the
values in cells B2 (cost price) and C2 (markup), and displays the result in cell D2
(retail price).
In column E, I’ve used a formula. Cell E2 contains “=D2 * 14%”. This works out
14% of the value in cell D2 (retail price), and displays the result in cell E2 (VAT).
In column F, I’ve used a formula. Perhaps by now you can work it our for
yourself? Cell F2 contains “=D2 + E2”. This adds the values in cells D2 (retail
price) and E2 (VAT), and displays the result in cell F2 (selling price).
In column G, I’ve used a formula. Cell G2 contains “=F2 * 95%”. This works out
95% of the value in cell F2 (selling price), and displays the result in cell G2
(discounted price).
And the great thing about using formulas in Excel, is that you can copy them just as you do
values. So once you’ve entered all the formulas in row 2 and checked that they are correct,
you just need to
1. Select the cells in row 2 that contain your formulas (cells C2 to G2).
2. Move the cursor over the fill handle in the bottom right corner of the selected cells. It
will change shape to a black cross.
3. Hold down the mouse button and drag the selected cells over rows 3 to 5. The values
in cells C3 to G5 are automatically calculated for you!
Charts
A picture is worth a thousand words! Often it’s much easier to understand data when it’s
presented graphically, and Excel provides the perfect tools to do this!
It’s worth starting with a quick outline of different data types and charts:
Categorical data items belong to separate conceptual categories such as knives, forks and
spoons; or males and females. They don’t have inherent numerical values, and it doesn’t
make sense to do calculations such as finding an average category. A pie chart or column
chart is most suitable for categorical data.
Discrete data items have numerical values associated with them, but only whole values; for
example, the number of TV sets in a household. Again, average values don’t make much
sense. Discrete data is often grouped in categories (“less than three”, “four or more”) and
treated as categorical data.
Continuous data refers to numerical values that have an infinite number of possible values,
limited only by the form of measurement used. Examples are rainfall, temperature, time.
Where discrete data has a very large number of possible values, it may also be treated as
continuous. Continuous data is well suited to line graphs, which are very useful for illustrating
trends
Creating a chart
1. Select the data that you want to include in the chart (together with column headings if
you have them).
2. Find the Charts category on the Insert ribbon, and select your preferred chart type.
3. That’s it! The chart appears in the current window. Move the cursor over the Chart
Area to drag it to a new position.
Pivot Tables
Pivot tables are one of Excel's most powerful features. A pivot table allows you to extract the
significance from a large, detailed data set.
Our data set consists of 213 records and 6 fields. Order ID, Product, Category, Amount, Date and
Country.
The following dialog box appears. Excel automatically selects the data for you. The default
location for a new pivot table is New Worksheet.
3. Click OK.
Drag fields
The PivotTable Fields pane appears. To get the total amount exported of each product, drag
the following fields to the different areas.
Result.
Note: you can use the standard filter (triangle next to Row Labels) to only show the amounts
of specific products.
4. Click OK.
Count
Two-dimensional Pivot Table
If you drag a field to the Rows area and Columns area, you can create a two-dimensional
pivot table. First, insert a pivot table. Next, to get the total amount exported to each country,
of each product, drag the following fields to the different areas.
To easily compare these numbers, create a pivot chart and apply a filter. Maybe this is one
step too far for you at this stage, but it shows you one of the many other powerful pivot table
features Excel has to offer.
Pivot Chart
MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
Creating a Presentation
Design Template
· If you choose the design template, a display of available designs appear.
· Choose the design you want and select a new color scheme if you do not
like the scheme with the template.
Adding New Slides
• To add a slide:
4. Pick the pre-formatted slide from the task pane which best suits
your needs and modify.
Delete a Slide
To delete a slide, select it in slide pane and hit the delete key on your keyboard
Rearrange a Slide
To rearrange slide order, select the slide you want to move in the slide pane and drag it to desired place
Duplicate a Slide
To duplicate a slide, select the slide you want to move in the slide pane go to edit>copy,
then edit>paste or faster Ctrl+X (cut) and then Ctrl+V (paste)
Text
The text editing functions in PowerPoint essential are the same found in Word,
so if you are familiar with Microsoft Word or any other word processing software
you should be fine.
2. Choose Format/Font.
The following dialog box will
appear. Then select your
options.
· To do so, click on the resize handles that appear when the object is
selected and drag in or out
If you want to view the show from the current slide go to the lower