PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)

(Established under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

SYLLABI

FOR

DIPLOMA IN FORENSIC SCIENCE AND

CRIMINOLOGY (SEMESTER SYSTEM)

EXAMINATIONS 2018-19.

--:O:--
 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, P.U.,CHANDIGARH

Outlines of tests, syllabi and courses of readings in the subject of Diploma in

Forensic Science and Criminology Course for the examination of 2015-2016, 2016-
2017, 2017-2018 & 2018-19.

Paper No. Title Marks of Paper Codes

Annual Int. Total_________

SEMESTER I

I. Fundamentals of Forensic Science-Part I 40 10 50 DFSc 1.1

II Forensic Anthropology - I 40 10 50 DFSc 1.2

III Forensic Physical Sciences - I 40 10 50 DFSc 1.3

IV Criminology and Criminal Law I 40 10 50 DFSc 1.4

V Practical in Forensic Science I 40 10 50 DFSc 1.5

SEMESTER II

I. Fundamentals of Forensic Science Part-II 40 10 50 DFSc 2.1

II Forensic Anthropology - II 40 10 50 DFSc 2.2

III Forensic Physical Science - II 40 10 50 DFSc 2.3

IV Criminology and Criminal Law II 40 10 50 DFSc 2.4

V Practical in Forensic Science II 40 10 50 DFSc 2.5

 SEMESTER I

DFSc 1.1
Paper-I: Fundamental of Forensic Science-Part I
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The objective of the paper is to introduce the discipline to students and understand the
various scientific principles involved in forensic science and to conduct the scientific
studies on various physical parameters such as Law of Individuality, Principle of
Exchange, Law of Probability, Principle of Comparison, Principle of Analysis,
Presentation of expert evidence in the court of Law and basic understanding of different
tools and techniques involved in forensic sciences.

SECTION-I

Forensic Science: Definition, Nature, Need, Functions, Development, Alternative to

Forensic Science.
SECTION-II

Principles: Law of individuality, principle of exchange, law of progressive exchange,

principle of comparison, Principle of analysis, law of probability.
SECTION-III

Scene of Crime: Examination, Evaluation, Scientific help and modern aids at the scene.
Scientific aspect of police work: Surveillance and Investigation.

SECTION-IV

Presentation of evidence and evidentiary clue; expert’s presentation, presenting counsel’s

contributions, defense counsel’s role, court’s participation; evidentiary clue.

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and one
compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the whole
syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one from each
Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.
 SUGGESTED BOOKS
Essential Readings:

Sharma B.R.(2005). Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials. (4th

Edition), Universal Law Publishing Co. New Delhi.

Sharma B.R.(2006). Scientific Criminal Investigation, Universal Law Publishing

Co. New Delhi.

Subrahmanyam, B.V. (2002). Modi’s Book of Medical Jurisprudence and

Toxicology, Lexis Nexis Butterworth’s Publisher, New Delhi.

Parikh, C.K (2005). Parikh’s Text book of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic

Medicine and Toxicology. CBS Publishers & Distributors: New Delhi.
Further Readings:

Kohler J and Meyer, R (1993). Explosives, 4th Ed.., VCH Germany.

Finkle, B.S. and Cleveland 1971. Manual of Analytical Toxicology, CRC Press.

Curry, A.S. (1984). Analytical Methods in Human Toxicology, Macmillan. USA.

Sen, N.K. (1980). Former Director, FSL, West Bengal, Lecture on Investigation of
Fires.
DFSc 1.2
Paper-II: Forensic Anthropology-I
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10
The course introduces basic principles of forensic anthropology – a major branch of
forensic science and an applied field of biological anthropology. Forensic
anthropology uses human osteology and other biological anthropological techniques
to solve problems of medicolegal significance, especially personal identity and cause
of death from human remains. The present syllabus is designed in such away to offer
hands-on-experience that will adapt to virtually any professional situation to follow in
the forensic career. The student will be trained at identifying human remains
including bones and teeth, anthropometry, analysis of hair, fingerprint identification,
examination of human body fluids and hematological markers and basic postmortem
examination.

SECTION-I

Forensic anthropology: definition, aims and scope and its relevance in forensic
science, Personal identification of the living and cadavers.
 SECTION-II

Importance of Anthropometry and somatoscopy in personal identification: Bertillon

system of identification, scope and present status.
SECTION-III

Forensic Osteology: elementary study of human skeleton, personal identification from

bones, determination of age, sex, stature, reconstruction of skull and face.

SECTION-IV

Forensic Odontology: definition, personal identification from teeth,

morphological variations and bite marks.

NOTE:

(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and
one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one from
each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Essential Readings:

Steward, T.D. (1979). Essentials of Forensic Anthropology, Thomas, Springfield.

Krogman, W.M. (1962). Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine, Thomas,

Springfield, Illinois.

Krogman, W.M. and Iscan M.Y. (1986). Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine,
Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
Wheeler R.C. (1964). A Text Book of Dental Anatomy and Physiology. W. B.
Saunders Co. London.

Krishan K, Kanchan T (2013). Stature and Build in Encyclopedia of Forensic

Sciences (Second Edition), Editors-in-Chief: Jay A. Siegel and Pekka J. Saukko,
Pages 49–53.

Montague, M.F.A. (1960). Introduction to Physical Anthropology. Thomas

Springfield.

Comas J. (1960). Manual of Physical Anthropology, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield,

Illinois.
Burns K.R. (1999). Forensic Anthropology Training Manual, Prentice Hall Inc.

Govindiah, D. (1999). Colour Atlas of Forensic Medicine, Jaypee Brothers Medical

Publishers.

Stimson, P.G. and Mertz C.A. (1997). Forensic Dentistry CRC Press.

Dix, J. and Ernst, M.F. (1999). Handbook for Death Scene Investigators, CRC
Press.

Further Readings:

Vij, K. and Biswas R. (2005). Basics of DNA and Evidentiary Issues, Jaypee
Brothers.

El-Najjar M.Y. and McWilliams K.R. (1978). Forensic Anthropology-The Structure,

Morphology and Variation of Human Bone and Dentition, Charles C. Thomas,
Springfield, Illinois.

DFSc 1.3
Paper-III: Forensic Physical Science- Part I
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The objective of this paper is to conduct scientific study of various physical evidences
such as firearms, ammunition, tool marks, foot prints, questioned documents, speech
samples, toxicological material such as various kinds of poisons and drugs etc. These
physical evidences have potential evidential value in various crime cases such as
shooting incidence, forgery, hit and run vehicle accidents, murder, suicide,
kidnapping and threatening, if collected and examined properly to link the culprit
with the crime or vice versa.
SECTION-I

Identification and evaluation of foot prints, tracks and trails: Collection methods for
2D and 3D marks, footprints on snow, Evaluation and Identification.

SECTION-II

Handwriting and Questioned Documents: Questioned documents, handwriting and its

development, anonymous letters, alterations, disguised handwriting, collection of
specimens, individual characteristics.
 SECTION-III

Forensic Toxicology-
Poison: Nature, Classification, Action of Poison, Collection and Evaluation.
Narcotics: Legal definition, Drugs and Crime, Basic Classification and evidentiary
clues.
Alcohols: Nature, Effects, Intoxication and Fatal Dose, Location and Collection.
SECTION-IV

Arson : Investigation of fires, seat, time, natural cause, suspected arson, motive search
for evidence & its collection and evaluation.
Explosives: Definition, type, uses, improvised explosive devices, investigation of site
of blasts, collection of evidence and its evaluation.
NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and
one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one
from each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

Essential Readings:

Philip R. (2002). Forensic Speaker Identification Taylor and Francis, Forensic

Science Series, London

Hilton, O. (1982). Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents Rev. Ed.

Elsevier, NY.
Osborn A. S. (1998). Questioned documents 2nd Ed. Universal Law Publication,
Delhi.
Sharma B.R. (2005). Forensic Science in Criminal Investigations and Trials (4th
Edition,) Universal Law Publishing CO., New Delhi
Saferstein, R. (1988). Forensic Science Handbook, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Vo.-
1,II

Walls J. (2002). Forensic Science-An Introduction to Scientific Crime Detection 2nd

Ed. Universal, Ist Indian Reprint (2002).

O’HARA C.E. (1976). Fundamental of Criminal Investigation, IV Ed. Charles C

Thomas – Publisher

Oscar T. (1979). Voice Identification-Theory of Legal Applications, University Park

Press, Baltimore

Suferstein R. (1995). Criminalitics - An Introduction to Scientific Crime Detection 2nd

Ed., Universal, Ist Indian Reprint
Mangel E.R. (2002). Forensic Physics in 2002 year book, McGrawhill Encyclopedia
of Science & Technology.

Working Procedure Manuals on Physics and Ballistics (2000). BPR&D, New Delhi
Publication.

Further Readings:

Sharma B.R. (1976). Fire on Investigation in Criminal Investigation and Trials,

Bombay

Parikh C.K. (2005). Parikh’s text book of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine
and Toxicology (6th Edition), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.

Murray, R. and Tedrow.J. (1975). Forensic Geology, Earth Sciences and Criminal
Investigation, Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick

Frinkle, B.S. (1971). Manual of Analytical Toxicology Clevaland: CRC Press.

Hatcher, J.S Jury, F.J. & Weller.J. (1957). Firearms, Investigation, Identification and
Evidence, The Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pennasylvania.

DFSc 1.4
Paper-IV: Criminology and Criminal Law I
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10
The objective of this paper is to understand the basic ideas relating to criminology, so
that the student is able to understand its scope, aims, objectives as well as its major
tenets. The development of the subject in various countries is also looked at as well as
the different methods for collecting or organizing criminological data. Some case
studies are also collected by the students to highlight this aspect. The definitions used
as a part of the criminal justice system are also explained as a part of this paper. They
help to highlight certain aspects of criminal laws in the Indian context. Offences
related to documents and correctional therapy are also covered. As a result of this
information, the student will get an overview of criminal law and criminology in the
Indian context, so that they are able to deal with expert evidence as well as ideas and
theoretical insights about criminals and criminological behavior.
SECTION-I

1. Criminology: Definition, Scope and Development

2. Indian Penal Code – Definitions (a) Public Servant Section 21, Dishonesty
Section 23, 24; Fraudulently Section 25; Common Intention and Common
Object Section 34/149; Good Faith Section 52; Inquiry Section 44;
Voluntarily Section 39.
 SECTION-II

3. Indian Penal Code: (a) General exceptions (sections 76 to 106), Criminal

Conspiracy Section 120-B; (b) Crime Against Human Body: Hurt (sections
319 to 327); Murder (Sections 299 to 302).

4. Classification of Crimes.

SECTION-III

5. Causing Miscarriage Section 312 to 317 IPC

6. Kinds of punishment.

7. Theories of punishment

8. Methods of criminology: Individualistic methods, case study methods.

SECTION-IV

9. Offences relating to documents, sections 415-420, 403, 405, 467, 468, 471

10. Correctional Therapy: Probation, Parole, Furlough, Remission and Pardon.

11 Case Study

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and one
compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the whole
syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one from
each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

Ahuja, R. (1996). Sociological Criminology. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Criminal Procedure Code.

Franklin, C.A. (ed.). (1988). Modi’s Book of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
Bombay: N.M. Tripathi Pvt. Ltd.
Indian Penal Code.
Indian Evidence Act.

Indian Constitution.

Mc Laughlin, Eugene (Ed.) (2007). The Sage Dictionary of Criminology, 2nd ed. New
Delhi: Sage Publications.

Paul, T. (1960). Crime, Justice and Correction. New York: McGraw Hill.

Rao, S.V. (1981). Dynamics of Crime: Spatial and Socio-Economic Aspects of Crime
in India. New Delhi: I.I.P.A.

Saxena, N.S. (1987). Law and Order in India. New Delhi: Abhinav.

Siddique, A. (1993). Criminology: Problems and Perspectives. Lucknow: Eastern

Book Company.

Singh, Deipa & K.P. Singh. (2013). Criminology, Penology and Victimology. New
Delhi: Bright Law House.

Sutherland, E. H. and Cressey. (1978). Criminology. London: Lippincott Company.

Vold, George B. (2002). Theoretical Criminology, 5th Ed. N.Y.: Oxford University
Press.

Walklate, Sandra. (2009). Criminology: The Basics. N.Y.: Routledge.

Williams, K.S. (2001). Textbook on Criminology. Delhi: Universal Law Publishing

Co. Pvt. Ltd.

DFSc 1. 5 Practical in Forensic Science I

Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Introduction to the Study of Human Osteology and its applications in Forensic
Sciences. Gross Morphology of Human Skull, Girdle Bones, Long Bones, Vertebral
Column and rib cage.

Determination of Age, Sex and Stature from Human Skeletal material.

Demonstration of and interpretation of different types of mechanical injuries

Suggested Readings

Cox, Margaret & Mays, Simon (2000). Human Osteology in Archaeology and
Forensic Science.London: Greenwich medical media Ltd.

Krogman, W. M. (1962). The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine Springfield,

Illinois: Charles C. Thomas

Matshes, Evan W. et al. (2005).Human Osteology & Skeletal radiology. Florida:

CRC Press

Schwartz, Jeffrey H. (1995). Skeleton Keys. New York: Oxford University Press

White, Tim D. (2000). Human Osteology 2nd edition New York: Academic Press

Williams, Peter et al. (eds.) (1995). Gray’s Anatomy (38th edition) New York:
Churchill Livingstone.

SEMESTER II

DFSc 2.1
Paper-I: Fundamentals of Forensic Science-Part II

Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The objective of the paper is to understand the material evidence and its strength in
forensic science and tools and techniques in forensic science. Studies on elements of
statistics will also be carried out for inter and intra comparison of physical clue
material/evidences. These clue material/evidences have potential evidential value in
various criminal cases to link the criminals with crime with great certainty, if these
are collected and examined properly
SECTION-I

The Evidence: Types, Material/Physical Evidence, Strength and weakness, Any

alternative to material/ Physical evidence.

SECTION-II

Tools and techniques in forensic science (Qualitative concept & its use):
Microscopy, Photography, X-Ray Diffraction, Chromatography, Electrophoresis,
Mass spectrometry, Neutron Activation Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM).
 SECTION-III

Forensic Science set-up, Problems of Proof.

Frye case and Daubert Standard.

SECTION-IV

Elements of statistics in Forensic Science: Some basic concepts, measurements and

measurements scales, measure of central tendency and dispersion, some basic
concepts on probability.

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV
and one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions
covering the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the
compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one
from each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

Essential Readings:

Saferstein, R. (1988). Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, Prentice

Hall: New Jersey.

Yallop, H.J. (1980). Explosion Investigation, Forensic Science Society and Scottish
Academic Press, U.K.

Kirk, P.L (1966). Crime Investigation. Inter-Science Publishers, New York.

Narayan, T.V. (2004). Modern Techniques of Bomb Detection and Disposal (2nd
Edn), Arun Book Distributor, New Delhi.

Mishra, T. (1994). An Introduction to Explosives, BPR&D, New Delhi.

Aitken, CGG and Stoney D.A. (1999). Use of Statistics in Forensic Science, CRC
Press, USA.

Further Readings:

Kohler J and Meyer, R (1993). Explosives, 4th Edn., VCH Germany.

Finkle, B.S. and Cleveland (1971). Manual of Analytical Toxicology, CRC Press.
Curry, A.S. (1984). Analytical Methods in Human Toxicology, Macmillan. USA.
Sen, N.K. (1980). Former Director, FSL, West Bengal, Lecture on Investigation of
Fires.
DFSc 2.2
Paper-II: Forensic Anthropology-II
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The second part of the forensic anthropology course introduces forensic analysis of
hair, fingerprint identification and their forensic significance. The course also
introduces examination of human body fluids and hematological markers and basic
postmortem examination with special emphasis on time and cause of death.

SECTION-I

Hair: morphology of hair, distinction between human and animal hair, differentiation
of scalp, body and pubic hair; determination of age and sex from hair; population
differences.

SECTION-II

Dermatoglyphics: Personal identification from finger, palm and sole prints;

latent prints – methods of development and identification;

SECTION-III

Forensic serology: Body fluids and Haematological markers: detection of blood,

blood stains, and other body fluids (semen, saliva, milk, urine, sweat); composition
of blood, genetics of ABO, MN, Rh systems, ABH secretion.

SECTION-IV
Applications of blood groups in personal identification and paternity disputes.
Molecular anthropology & basics of DNA profiling technique and its application in
crime detection.
Forensic anthropologist’s role in the examination of mass fatalities.

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and
one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one
from each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.
Essential Readings:

Taylor R.M.S. (1978). Variation in Morphology of Teeth: Anthropological and

Forensic Aspects: Thomas, Springfiels, Illinois.

Franklin C.A. (ed) (1988). Modi’s Book of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology,
N.M. Tripathi Pvt. Ltd. Bombay.

Cumings H. and Midlo C. (1961). Fingerprints, Palm and Sole. New York
Dover.

Race R.R. and Sanger R. (1975). Blood groups of Man, Balchwell Scientific
Publications, Oxford.

Vij, K. (2011). Textbook of forensic Medicine and Toxicology-Principles and

Practice, 5th Ed. Elsevier Publications.

Boorman K.E. and Dood, B.E. (1961). Introduction to Blood Group Serology-Theory
Techniques, Practical Applications, Apparatus, Little, Brown U.SA.

Bridges, B, (1942). Practical Fingerprinting. Funk and Wagnalls Co. New York.
DFSc 2.3
Paper-III: Forensic Physical Science -Part II

Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The objective of this paper is to conduct scientific study of various physical

evidences such as firearms, ammunition, speech samples, glass, paint, soil,
fire debris etc. These physical evidences have potential evidential value in various
crime cases such as shooting incidence, forgery, hit and run vehicle accidents,
murder, suicide, kidnapping and threatening, if collected and examined properly to
link the culprit with the crime or vice-versa. The paper will further explore use of
photography and speaker identification and psychological evidence in forensic
analysis. The paper will also shed light on examination of various kinds of
accidents like Accidents: road accident, airplane crash, train accident, natural
disasters.

SECTION-I

Forensic ballistics and tool marks: firearms, ammunition, powder residue,

identification of firearm injuries, reconstruction.
SECTION-II
Forensic Photography, Voice Analysis: Collection and evaluation, Forensic
Psychology: Nature, Classification, Interrogation.
 SECTION-III

Trace, element analysis of glass, paint, soils, inks, papers Neutron Activation
Analysis (NAA) Atomic Absorption, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), SEM-EDS.
SECTION-IV
Crime Scene Management, Managing Man-Made and natural disorder, Road and
Train Accidents.

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and
one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one from
each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

Essential Readings:
Jauhari M, (1980). Identification of Firearms, Ammunition and Firearm Injuries.
BPR&D, New Delhi Publication.

Kirk, P.L. (1966). Crime Investigation Inter Science, New York

Di Maio V (1999). Gunshot Wounds, CRC Press, Washington, DC

Benedeth-Pichler, A.A. (1964). The Forensic Examination of materials via Physical

Properties, Chemical Tests and Microscopy, New York: Springer-Verlag

Sharma B.R. (2005). Forensic Science in Criminal Investigations and Trials (4th
Edition,) Universal Law Publishing Co., New Delhi

Saferstein, R. (1988). Forensic Science Handbook, New Jersey: Prentice Hall,

Vo.-1,II

Walls J. (2002). Forensic Science-An Introduction to Scientific Crime Detection 2nd

Ed. Universal, 1st Indian Reprint (2002).

O’HARA C.E. (1976). Fundamental of Criminal Investigation, IV Ed. Charles C

Thomas – Publisher

Oscar T. (1979). Voice Identification-Theory of Legal Applications, University Park

Press, Baltimore
Suferstein R. (1995). Criminalistics - An Introduction to Scientific Crime
Detection 2nd Ed., Universal, Ist Indian Reprint

Mangel E.R. (2002). Forensic Physics in 2002 year book, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia
of Science & Technology.

BPR&D. (2000). Working Procedure Manuals on Physics and Ballistics,

BPR&D. New Delhi: BPR&D Publications.

Further Readings:

Sharma B.R. (1976). Fire on Investigation in Criminal Investigation and Trials,

Bombay

Parikh C.K. (2005). Parikh’s text book of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic

Medicine and Toxicology (6th Edition), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi.

Murray, R. and Tedrow, J. (1975). Forensic Geology, Earth Sciences and

Criminal Investigation, Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick.

Frinkle, B.S. (1971). Manual of Analytical Toxicology Cleveland: CRC Press.

Hatcher, J.S Jury, F.J. & Weller, J. (1957). Firearms, Investigation, Identification and
Evidence, The Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Paper-IV: Criminology and Criminal Law II

Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

The objective of this paper is to give the students an idea of Criminal Law in India,
especially relating to counterfeiting of coins and currency, definitions of legal terms
and offences, arrest, investigation, and the laws relating to legal and judicial powers,
complaints, investigation, experts, proof, evidence and facts. Focus is also laid on the
ideas relating to victimology and compensation. One major emphasis in this paper is
also on theories of criminology, limiting these to classical, positivist, sociological and
multi-factorial theories. Students would also conduct case studies related to these.
The students are expected to gain a good grounding on how the law in India relates to
criminal cases as well as the possible background conditions within which criminals
are likely to develop.
 SECTION-I

Indian Penal Code:

1. Counterfeiting of coins and currency (sections 230-234, 237, 238)

2. Attempt to commit offence (section 511)
3. Theories of criminal behaviour: Classical Theory

SECTION-II
4. Criminal Procedure Code:

a) Definitions: Cognizable and Non-cognizable, complaint, bailable and

non-bailable, summons and warrant case, compoundable offences
(section 2)
b) Arrest (Sections 41 to 60)
c) FIR and Powers of Police to investigate (Sections 154 to 176)
5. Theories of criminal behaviour: Positivist Theory

SECTION III
5. Criminal Procedure Code:

a) Process to compel the appearance of a person (sections 61 to 90)

b) Complaint case (sections 190 to 204)
c) Reports of Certain Government Scientific Experts Section 293
d) Classification of Criminal Courts and their powers (sections 6 to 35)
7. Theories of criminal behaviour: Sociological Theories
SECTION IV
8. Indian Evidence Act:

a) Definition: Section 3 – Evidence, Facts Proved, Disproved and Not

proved; May Presume, Shall Presume and Conclusive Proof.
b) Confession by Accused (Sections 24 to 30)
c) Expert Opinion (Sections 45 to 47)
9. Theories of criminal behaviour: Multifactor theory
10. Meaning and Scope of Victimology; Compensation to victims of crime in the
Indian context.
11. Case Study

NOTE:
(a) In all nine questions to be set, two questions each from Sections I-IV and
one compulsory question of 4-8 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
(b) Students will be required to attempt five questions in all; at least one from
each Section and the compulsory question.
(c) Each question will carry 8 marks.
 SUGGESTED BOOKS

Paper-IV :Criminology and Criminal Law

Ahuja, R. (1996). Sociological Criminology. New Delhi: Rawat.

Siddique, A. (1993). Criminology: Problems and Perspectives. Lucknow: Eastern Book

Company.

Singh, Deipa & K.P. Singh. (2013). Criminology, Penology and Victimology. New Delhi:
Bright Law House.

Criminal Procedure Code.

Franklin, C.A. (ed.). (1988). Modi’s Book of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
Bombay: N.M. Tripathi Pvt. Ltd.

Gilsinan, James F. (1990). Criminology and Public Policy: An Introduction. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall.

Indian Penal Code.

Indian Evidence Act.

Indian Constitution.

Paul, T. (1960). Crime, Justice and Correction. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rao, S.V. (1981). Dynamics of Crime: Spatial and Socio-Economic Aspects of Crime in
India. New Delhi: I.I.P.A.

Saxena, N.S. (1987). Law and Order in India. New Delhi: Abhinav.

Sutherland, E.H. and Cressey. (1978). Criminology. London: Lippincott Company.

Walsh, Anthony (Ed.). (2009). Biosocial Criminology: New Directions in Theory and
Research. N.Y.: Routledge.
DFSc 2.5 Practical in Forensic Science II
Total Marks: 50
Annual Exam: 40
Internal Assessment: 10

Introduction to the practice of Human Somatometry and Somatoscopy and its applications
in Forensic Sciences.

Somatoscopy and Somatometery (cranio-facial and other body measurements)

Overview of dermatoglyphic studies in Forensic practice, Finger Dermatoglyphics of
human subjects.
Basic Blood grouping Techniques

Death investigations: time and cause of death, Post-mortem examination -Observation and
record of Post Mortem Examinations.

Visit to Forensic Science Laboratory/ Finger print Bureau/ Police Station/ other relevant
institutions. Students shall make a record of their visits and submit the same in the form
of a report for examination.

Suggested Reading

Bhasin M. K. & Chahal, S. M. S. (1996). A laboratory Manual for Human Blood

Analysis. Delhi: Kamla Raj Enterprizes
Boorman, K. E. et al. (1961). Blood Group Serology. New York: Churchill Livingstone
Bridges, B. 1942 Practical Finger Printing. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.
Comas, J. (1960). Manual of Physical Anthropology. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.
Thomas
Cummins, H. & Midlo C. (1961). Finger prints, Palm and Sole. New York: Dover
Siegel J. A. (2007). Forensic Science. The Basics. Florida: CRC Press
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Printers

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