Task – 3

AIM:
To perform circular convolution between any two sequences and to find DFT of a sequence using
MATLAB.

1) DFT:
i) Without using builtin function:
Code:
clc

clear all

close all

N = input('Enter the value N value for DFT: ');

inp = input('Enter the input sequence: ');

m = length(inp);

x = [inp,zeros(1,N-m)];

X = zeros(1,N);

for k = 1:N

X(k) = 0;

for n = 1:N

X(k) = X(k)+(x(n)*exp((-1j)*2*pi*(n-1)*(k-1)/N));

end

end

figure

subplot(3,1,1)

stem(inp)

xlim([0,m+1])

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 title('Input Sequence')

xlabel('Time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

% Magnitude of X[k]

subplot(3,1,2)

stem(abs(X))

title('Magnitude Response')

xlabel('Frequency')

ylabel('|X(k)|')

% Phase of X[K]

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(angle(X))

title('Phase Response')

xlabel('Frequency')

ylabel('Phase')

Output in command window:

Enter the input sequence: [2+2i 3 5 3-4i 6 7 1-i 2]

>> abs(X)

ans =

29.1548 9.8176 6.3246 6.8150 5.0990 7.7211 8.2462 8.8066

>> angle(X)

ans =

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 -0.1031 2.8364 -0.3218 2.2522 1.7682 -1.1200 1.8158 2.2758

Output figure:

Input Sequence
5
Amplitude

-5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time
Magnitude Response
40
|X(k)|

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
Phase Response
5
Phase

-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency

(ii) With using builtin function:

Code:

% FFT command

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 X=fft(x,N);

figure

subplot(3,1,1)

stem(inp)

xlim([0,m+1])

title('Input Sequence')

xlabel('Time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

% Magnitude of X[k]

subplot(3,1,2)

stem(abs(X))

title('Magnitude Response using FFT')

xlabel('Frequency')

ylabel('|X(k)|')

% Phase of X[K]

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(angle(X))

title('Phase Response using FFT')

xlabel('Frequency')

ylabel('Phase')

Output in command window:

Enter the value N value for DFT: 8

Enter the input sequence: [2+2i 3 5 3-4i 6 7 1-i 2]

>> abs(X)

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 ans =

29.1548 9.8176 6.3246 6.8150 5.0990 7.7211 8.2462 8.8066

>> angle(X)

ans =

-0.1031 2.8364 -0.3218 2.2522 1.7682 -1.1200 1.8158 2.2758

Output figure:

Input Sequence
5
Amplitude

-5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time
Magnitude Response using FFT
40
|X(k)|

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
Phase Response using FFT
5
Phase

-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency

Manual Calculation of DFT:

x(n) = {0,1,2,3}

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 0
x 4 = [ 1]
2
3
𝑊40 𝑊40 𝑊40 𝑊40 1 1 1 1
𝑊0 𝑊41 𝑊42 𝑊43 1 −𝑗 −1 𝑗
W4 = 40 = [ ]
𝑊4 𝑊42 𝑊44 𝑊46 1 −1 1 −1
[𝑊40 𝑊43 𝑊44 𝑊49 ] 1 𝑗 −1 −𝑗

6
−2 + 𝑗2
X 4 = W4 x4 = [ ]
−2
−2 + 𝑗2

2) CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION:
a. Without using builtin function:

Code:
clc

clear all

close all

x1=input('enter the first sequence:');

x2=input('enter the second sequence:');

N1=length(x1);

N2=length(x2);

N=max(N1,N2);

N3=N1-N2;

if(N3>0)

x2=[x2,zeros(1,N3)];

else

x1=[x1,zeros(1,-N3)];

end

for n=1:N

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 y(n)=0

for i=1:N;

j=n-i+1;

if(j<=0)

j=N+j;

end

y(n)=[y(n)+(x1(i)*x2(j))];

end

end

stem(y);

Output in the command window:

enter the first sequence:[1 2 3]

enter the second sequence:[1 2 1 2]

y=

8 10 8 10

Output figure:

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 Circular Convolution output
10

6
amplitude--->

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
time--->

b. With Using builtin function:

clear all

close all

x=input('enter the first sequence')

h=input('enter the second sequence')

y=cconv(x,h,4);

disp('The resultant is:');

stem(y);

xlabel('N--->');

ylabel('amplitude--->');

title('Circular Convolution output');

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
Output in the command window:

Output figure:

Circular Convolution output

6
amplitude--->

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
N--->

c. Using DFT and IDFT:

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 clear all

close all

x1=input('enter the first sequence:');

x2=input('enter the second sequence:');

N1=length(x1);

N2=length(x2);

N=max(N1,N2);

N3=N1-N2;

if(N3>0)

x2=[x2,zeros(1,N3)];

else

x1=[x1,zeros(1,-N3)];

end

ccirc = ifft(fft(x1).*fft(x2));

disp('Result:');

ccirc

stem(ccirc);

xlabel('time--->');

ylabel('amplitude--->');

title('Circular Convolution output');

grid on

Output in the command window:

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
Output figure:

Circular Convolution output

6
amplitude--->

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
time--->

Circular Convolution using Matrix Method:

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR
 x1 (n) = {1, 2,3,1}

x2 (n) = {4, 3,2,2}

Matrix Method:

1 1 3 2 4 17
[2 1 1 3] [3] = [19]
3 2 1 1 2 22
1 3 2 1 2 19

15BEC0898-K.RANJITH KUMAR