STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It is desired to isolate a furnace, weighing 47,300lb from the surrounding by

mounting it on helical springs. Under the weight, the springs should deflect

approximately 1in, and at least 2in. before becoming solid. It has been decided to use
3
sprigs having a wire diameter of 1in. an outside diameter of 5 8 , 4.3 free coils.

Determine (a) the number of sprigs to be used, (b) the stress caused by the weight, (c) the

solid stress (d) what steel should be used?

Given:

= 47,300

= 1

= 1
3
= 5
8
= 4.3
Where :

d = Spring deflection

Dw = wire diameter of spring

Do = coil outside diameter
Nc = no. of active coils or live coils

Required :

a) The number of springs to be used

b) The stress caused by the weight, Ss
c) The solid stress
d) Steel should be used

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 1

 COMPLETE SKETCH OF THE ASSEMBLY

(NOT TO SCALE)

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 2

 Design Computation
Given:

= 47,300

= 1

= 1
3
= 5
8
= 4.3
Where :

d = Spring deflection

Dw = wire diameter of spring

Do = coil outside diameter
Nc = no. of active coils or live coils

Required :

a) The number of springs to be used

b) The stress caused by the weight, Ss
c) The solid stress
d) Steel should be used

Solution:

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 3

 Solving for coil mean Diameter, Dm

= (From Instructional Manual

by Engr. John Ike Uvas, pg.
81)

Given:
3
Do = 5 8

= 1
Where:

Do = coil outside diameter

Dw = wire Diameter

3
= 5 1
8
3
= 4
8
Solving for Spring Index, C

= (From Instructional Manual by Engr. John Ike

Uvas, pg. 82)

Given :
3
= 4
8
= 1

=

3
4
8
= 1

= .

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 4

 (a) The number of springs to be used

Solving for Axial Force, F

8 3
= (From Instructional Manual by Engr. John Ike Uvas,

pg. 82)

=
8 3

Given :

= 1.0

= 4.3

= 1

= 4.375

= 11.5 106
(From Table AT.7, DOME by Faires,
pg. 576)
Where :

d = Spring deflection

G = Shear modulus of elasticity or rigidity

= no. of active coils or live coils

= wire diameter of spring

F = Axial Force

=
8 3

(1.0)(11.5106 2 )(1.0)

F= 8(4.375)3 (4.3)

= .

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 5

 (a) The number of springs to be used

. = (From Instructional Manual by Engr. Uvas, Pg. 86)

Where:

= ;

= 47,300

= 3992.13

. =

47,300
=3992.135

. =

Solving for Wahls factor, K

41 0.615
= 44 + (From Instructional Manual by Engr. Uvas,

Pg. 82)

4(4.375) 1 0.615
= +
4(4.375) 4 4.375

= .

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 6

 Solving for the stress caused by the weight, Ss

=81 (From Instructional Manual by Engr. Uvas, Pg. 82)

Given :

= 1.3628

1 = 3942
= 1
= 4.375
Where :
K = Wahls Factor
F1 = axial load in each spring
Dw = Wire Diameter
C = Spring Index

=81
2

(1.3628)(8)(3942)(4.375)
=
(1.0)

= 59,850.38 2

= , .

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 7

 Solving for
8 3
=

(G)( )
= 8 3

(2.0)(11.5106 2 )(1.0)

= 8(4.375)3 (4.3)

=7989.27lb

Solving for solid stress,

=8

(1.3628)(8)(7984.27)(4.375)
= ()(1.0)2

=121,223.135psi

(d)steel should be use

= 0.6 where = =
121,223.135

=0.6 9(121,223.135psi)

= 72,733.88

Or

= 73

From Table AT7 DOME by Faires, = 75

Use AISI C1118, cold drawn

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 8

 AISI 1118 Carbon Steel Material Properties

Chemical Composition

Element Content (%)

Iron, Fe 98.03 - 98.48

Manganese, Mn 1.30 - 1.60

Carbon, C 0.14 - 0.20

Sulfur, S 0.080 - 0.13

Phosphorous, P 0.040

Physical Properties

Properties Metric Imperial

Density 7.85 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in

Melting point 1449C 2640F

Mechanical Properties

Properties Metric Imperial

Tensile strength 525 MPa 76100 psi

Yield strength 315 MPa 45700 psi

Bulk modulus (typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi

Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80.0 GPa 11600 ksi

Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 27557-30458 ksi

Poisson's ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30

Elongation at break (in 50 mm) 32% 32%

Reduction of area 70% 70%

Hardness, Brinell 149 149

Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) 169 169

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 9

Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) 80 80

Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) 155 155

Thermal Properties

Properties Metric Imperial

Thermal conductivity (typical steel) 49.8 W/mK 346 BTU in/hr.ft.F

Solving for Pitch and coil angle

= < 12

= + 2 (From table AT7 DOME by faires)

= (1.0)(4.3) + (2)(1.0)

= 6.3

= + +

= (1.0) + (2) + (6.3)

= 9.3

Use Lf=10in

Lf=P + 2
2
P=

10(2)(1.0)
= 4.3

P=1.86in

Tanl= < 12

1.86
= 3
(4 )
8

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 10

 l=7.71

Solving for Total No.Of Coils

= + 2 (From table AT16 DOME by

Faires,p. 589)

= . + = .3coils

materials Materails needed Materials cost Total cost

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 11

 Wire Dm by length Php 1600.00

AISI 1118 carbon 5.375in by 20in Php 80/Do by

steel length

Machine with labor Materials to operate Machine with labor Total cost

cost

Machine with labor Do by length Php 30/ Do by Php 600.00

5.375in by 20in length

Material cost Php 1600.00

machine with labor cost Php 600.00

Total cost of material and machine Php 2200.00

Number of spring Total cost of material and machine = total cost

12 2200.00 = 26400

Total cost=Php26400

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 12

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Faires, Virgil Moring. Design of Machine Elements, 4th Edition, New York: Macmillan Co,

1969

Uvas, John Ike A. Instructional Manual in Machine Design I

Retrieved: October 2, 2017 https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6563

Retrieved: October 2, 2017, www.google.com.ph

DESIGN OF HELICAL SPRING Page 13