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Unit 8: Frequency-Domain Analysis of Control System

This document discusses frequency-domain analysis of control systems. It aims to teach analyzing frequency response of systems subjected to sinusoidal inputs, plotting and interpreting Bode plots to determine system stability and performance specifications, and using MATLAB to plot Bode plots. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal frequency response, phasors, deriving frequency response functions from transfer functions of first and second order systems, and examples of calculating magnitude, phase and steady-state response.

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Nasrullah Yusup
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
141 views

Unit 8: Frequency-Domain Analysis of Control System

This document discusses frequency-domain analysis of control systems. It aims to teach analyzing frequency response of systems subjected to sinusoidal inputs, plotting and interpreting Bode plots to determine system stability and performance specifications, and using MATLAB to plot Bode plots. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal frequency response, phasors, deriving frequency response functions from transfer functions of first and second order systems, and examples of calculating magnitude, phase and steady-state response.

Uploaded by

Nasrullah Yusup
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 8

Frequency-domain Analysis of Control System

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Lec22: Objectives

At the end of the lecture, I should be able to:


Analyze the frequency response of systems
subject to sinusoidal inputs.
Plot and interpret Bode plots, using such plots
for performance specifications.
Determine stability of systems by means of
Bode plots.
Plot Bode plots using MATLAB

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Analyze the frequency response of
systems subject to sinusoidal inputs

Sinusoidal Inputs

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Sinusoidal Frequency Response

a. system;
b. transfer function;
c. Input and output
waveform.
MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Importance of Frequency
Response
The frequency response is a way to define a system in terms
of its reaction to periodic inputs of certain frequencies. This
has many practical applications such as filter design.
The frequency response can be used to quickly find the
output for a given input when the input is a complex
exponential, sinusoidal, or expressed via Fourier series.

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Phasors

v = V sin (t + ) Where;
V = amplitude
y = angular frequency
= phase angle
x + jy Phase angle, : tan = y/x
By Pythagoras theorem;
V
V = (x2 + y2)
Since x = V cos and y = V sin
We can write:
0 x
V = x + jy
= V (cos + j sin )
MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Phasors Rotation

Imag Imag
Multiplication by j2
or 1

1+j0
0 Real j = 1 or
Real 0 2

j = (-1)

Imag
90 anti-clockwise Imag
Multiplication by j3
rotation:
= j(j2) = j
0 Real 0 + j 1
0 Real
Multiplication by j

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Phasor Equation
x = sin t Differentiation results in a phasor
With a length increased by factor
dx/dt = cos t and rotated by 90
= sin (t + 90) In complex notation:
multiplication by j

The diff eqn: a1(dx/dt) + a0x = b0y

Can be written in phasor eqn: ja1X + a0X = b0Y


The frequency domain The same diff eqn
eqn can be written as: in the s-domain is:
X bo X ( s) bo
G( s)
Y ja1 ao Y ( s) a1s ao
MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Frequency Response for
1st-order system
1st-order system T.F.:

In frequency response function:

Multiplying top and bottom with the complex conjugate:

But j2 = 1

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Frequency Response for
1st-order system

Magnitude:

Negative sign indicates


Phase: the o/p phasor lags
behind the i/p phasor
by this angle
MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Frequency Response for
2nd-order system
n2
G( s) 2
s 2 n s n
2

Magnitude:

Phase:

MCB3013/rmz/jan13
Examples 31

A system having transfer function of 1/(s+2) is


subjected to a sinusoidal input of 3 sin (5t + 30).
Determine: a) the magnitude and phase of the
system, and b) the steady-state response of the
system (i.e. the output).

MCB3013/rmz/jan13

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