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DSP01

Digital signal processing involves using digital technology like computers to process signals. This document outlines an EE course on digital signal processing that will be taught in spring 2017. It introduces key concepts like what digital and signal processing are, and explains that digital signal processing deals with extracting, embedding, and modifying information in discrete signals. The course will use a specific textbook and assign grades based on quizzes, exams, projects and presentations. It provides an overview of topics that will be covered like the discrete Fourier transform, fast Fourier transform, digital filter design, and multirate signal processing.

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Shaista Naz
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views

DSP01

Digital signal processing involves using digital technology like computers to process signals. This document outlines an EE course on digital signal processing that will be taught in spring 2017. It introduces key concepts like what digital and signal processing are, and explains that digital signal processing deals with extracting, embedding, and modifying information in discrete signals. The course will use a specific textbook and assign grades based on quizzes, exams, projects and presentations. It provides an overview of topics that will be covered like the discrete Fourier transform, fast Fourier transform, digital filter design, and multirate signal processing.

Uploaded by

Shaista Naz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

12/21/2016

EE-394 Digital Signal Processing


TE (EE) Spring 2017

Resource Persons:

Dr. Saad Ahmed Qazi


Mirza Muhammad Ali Baig
Muhammad Omar

What is Digital Signal Processing?


Digital: (Signal or data) expressed as a discrete set of values (such as 0 and
1), typically represented by values of a physical quantity such as voltage or
magnetic polarization.
Signal: A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time,
space or any other independent variable and carries information.
Processing: an action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a
definite/prescribed/standard/official manner
Reading:
http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/what-digitalreally-means

12/21/2016

What is Digital Signal Processing?


Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as
by computers, to perform a wide variety of signal
processing operations.
There can be several reasons for performing digital signal processing
tasks, some of them are:
To extract information from a signal
To embed information in a signal
To modify or change signal state, shape or properties for any reason

Where does Digital Signal Processing sits


within Electrical Engineering discipline?
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the
study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.
Electrical engineering has now subdivided into a wide range of subfields
including electronics, digital computers, power
engineering, telecommunications, control systems, radio-frequency
engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, and microelectronics.
All of these fields involve digital processing in terms of data acquisition
(capturing), analysis, control, decision making (AI) and communication.

12/21/2016

Which textbook will we follow?


Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and Applications
(Fourth Edition)
by
John G. Proakis
Dimitris G. Manolakis

Sessional Marks distribution


Head

Marks

Quiz 1 (Week 4)

Mid Term (Week9)

20

Quiz 2 (Week 13)

Presentations/Projects/Assignments (overall)

10

Total

40

12/21/2016

Course Contents
Overview of Discrete-time Signals and Systems Sampling, Aliasing, Quantization, Convolution, Correlation,
Properties of Discrete time Signals and Systems;

Discrete Fourier Transform Frequency Domain Sampling, DFT Properties, Inverse DFT, Windowing and DFT
Leakage, Direct Computation of DFT;

Fast Fourier Transform Divide and Conquer, Radix algorithms; Inverse FFT, Applications of FFT

Discrete time systems implementation Overview of z-transform, Structures of Discrete time systems, Fixed
and Floating number types, Quantization effects.

Design of Digital Filters General Considerations, FIR and IIR Filters, Techniques of FIR and IIR filter Design.

Multirate Signal Processing Down sampling and Up sampling, Decimation and Interpolation.

Course Plan
No.

Topic

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

Concept of Frequency in CT and DT sinusoids, and related properties

Sampling

Quantization

Elementary Signals, Power and Energy Signals

Signal Manipulations, folding and shifting

Convolution and Impulse Response

Correlation

Introduction to DT Systems and classification

10

Introduction to Frequency Analysis

11

Discrete Fourier Transform

12

DFT as Linear Transformation

13

Fast Fourier Transform (Divide and Conquer)

14

Fast Fourier Transform (Radix-2)

15

Fast Fourier Transform (Radix-2)

12/21/2016

Course Plan
No.

Topic

16

Review of Frequency Analysis

17

The difference Equation

18

Block Diagram Representations (DF-I and DF-II)

19

Relationship between Laplace, Z- and Fourier Transform in context of Signal and System Analysis

20

Z-transform fundamentals

21

Z-transform fundamentals

22

Transfer Function and its connection with Difference equation and Impulse Response

23

Transfer Function, pole zero plots and frequency response

24

Digital Filter Design I

25

Digital Filter Design II

26

Digital Filter Design III

27

Multi rate Signal Processing I

28

Multi rate Signal Processing II

29

Fixed and Floating point numbers

30

Course Review

Course Group
DSP TE EE Spring 2017
groups.google.com/group/dsp-te-ee-spring-2017
dsp-te-ee-spring-2017@googlegroups.com

12/21/2016

What are this lecture objectives?


We have review what is DSP.
Moving on we will study its comparison with Analog Signal
Processing, and its advantages over analog.
We will also look at concept of Frequency in Discrete time (Cycles per
sample vs. Hz.) Important because they is change from what we
understand about frequency in Hz.
We will also cover the properties of periodicity and limited frequency
range in discrete time sinusoids.

How does analog compares to Digital


processing?
How can we realize y = x/2 in an analog circuit form?

12

12/21/2016

How does analog compares to Digital


processing?
Where as, in digital domain the same thing would look like:

Dr. Saad A. Qazi, NED University

13

Some advantages offered under DSP

Inexpensive
Programmable, flexible
Precision
Data storage
Data security, encryption

Note: DSP is not preferable in every situation. For extremely wide bandwidth
applications for example, analog signal processing is preferred.

Dr. Saad A. Qazi, NED University

14

12/21/2016

Signals and Concepts


A Signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with an independent
variable.
This dependency can be single or multi-dimensional.
Electric Current is a single dimension signal, while an image is two dimensional,
and a video is three dimensional.
A Continuous Time Signal is defined for every value of time. Examples are sound
wave form or a cosine wave.

Signals and Concepts


A Discrete Time Signal is defined only at certain specific values of time.
Time instants need not to be equidistant but usually they are.
Example,
where,
Continuous valued Signal : If the values of a CT or DT signal are continuous then
this is a CV signal.

12/21/2016

Signals and Concepts


A Discrete valued Signal takes on values from a finite set of possible values.
The process of converting CTCV signal into a DTCV signal is called sampling.
The process of converting DTCV signal into a DTDV signal is called Quantization.

Signals and Concepts

12/21/2016

Types of Signals
Any signal that can be uniquely described by an explicit mathematical model or
expression, through a well-defined rule is called Deterministic Signal.
There are signals that either can not be described to a reasonable degree of
accuracy or such a description is too complicated to be of any use, these signals
are called Random Signals.
Even when random signals are non-similar to each other, they carry some
interesting characteristics, which are exploited using Statistical Techniques.

Types of Signals

10

12/21/2016

Concepts of Frequency in
Continuous Time sinusoids
where, F is cycles/sec (Hz.)
Postulates
1.
2.

If T is the period of sinusoid, then


CT sinusoids with different frequencies are distinct.

3.

Increasing F will increase the rate of Oscillations.

4.

Range for F is

Concepts of Frequency in
Discrete Time sinusoids
where, fd is in cycles/sample.

Postulates
1. A DT sinusoid is periodic only if its frequency is a rational number.
2. DT sinusoids whose frequencies are separated by an integer multiple of 2 are
identical.
3.

The highest rate of oscillation is attained at = or fd =1/2.

11

12/21/2016

Concepts of Frequency in

Concepts of Frequency in

12

12/21/2016

Concepts of Frequency in

= 0, /3, 2/3, , 4/3,5/3, 2

Concepts of Frequency in
Results
As we increase the frequency of DT sinusoid from 0 to , the rate of
oscillation increases.
As we move further, the oscillation starts to reduce and goes back to zero
at 2 . This is aliasing effect which we will study in due course.
From postulate (2) and (3) we deduce the range therefore is:

13

12/21/2016

Review What did we learn?


What is DSP, its comparison with Analog Signal Processing, and its
advantages over analog.
Concept of Frequency in Discrete time (Cycles per sample vs. Hz.)
The properties of periodicity and limited frequency range in discrete
time sinusoids.

Readings
From Proakis (4th Ed)
Chapter 1: Introduction
Section 1.1 and all subsections: Signals, Systems and Signal Processing
Section 1.2 and all subsections: Classification of Signals
Section 1.3 (subsections 1.3.1 and 1.3.2): The concept of Frequency in
Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals

14

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