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Introduction To Arduino PDF

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company that designs microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects. Arduino boards come in different versions like Uno, Mega, and Nano, and use shields and modules to add additional functionality. The Arduino IDE is used to write programs in C/C++, which are compiled and uploaded to the board to be executed in a setup() and loop() structure. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits with Arduino.

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Abhinav Choudhary
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341 views

Introduction To Arduino PDF

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company that designs microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects. Arduino boards come in different versions like Uno, Mega, and Nano, and use shields and modules to add additional functionality. The Arduino IDE is used to write programs in C/C++, which are compiled and uploaded to the board to be executed in a setup() and loop() structure. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits with Arduino.

Uploaded by

Abhinav Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arduino is common term for a software company, project, and user

community, that designs and manufactures computer open-source


hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-based kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and
control physical devices.
Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form,
or as do-it-yourself kits.

There are several versions of the Arduino hardware which


are produced. Some of these are
Arduino Mega
Arduino Nano
LilyPad Arduino
Arduino Uno : This is the most used and documented
board of the whole Arduino family. (Later slides will be
based on Arduino Uno)
These boards differ in the number of input and output pins,
the frequency & the microcontroller .

Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards use printed circuit expansion


boards called shields, which plug into the normally supplied Arduino
pin headers. Shields can provide motor controls, Global Positioning
System (GPS), Ethernet, liquid crystal display (LCD),
or breadboarding (prototyping). Several shields can also be
made do it yourself (DIY).

Arduino modules are a smaller form-factor of classic boards which can


be connected to the board directly or by using a breadboard. SD
card module, bluetooth module, sensor modules such as UV, IR,
microphone etc are many such modules.

Arduino programs may be written in any programming language with


a compiler that produces binary machine code.
The software for Arduino is open-source and is available from the
website : https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development
environment (IDE). The Arduino IDE supports the
languages C and C++ using special rules to organize code.
A typical Arduino sketch consist of two functions that are compiled
and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic
executive program:
setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and
that can initialize settings.
loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

This is how the software of Arduino looks.

From the Board option in the dropdown menu of Tools, select the version of
Arduino hardware. From the port option select COM Port <number> once you
have connected your Arduino hardware to your computer. Various sample
programmes are available in the Examples option under File .

GND(Ground) : Analog Reference

14

Microcontroller
6

There are 2 types of pins in any Arduino hardware.


Digital Pins : These pins are used to send and receive signals in binary form ie
HIGH (1) or LOW (0). Some pins have a ~ symbol next to them. This stands for
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
There are 14 digital pins in all of which 6 are PWM. 2 pins have TX and RX
written next to them. This stands for transfer and receive respectively. This is
useful when using a module such as Bluetooth.

Pulse width modulation is used in a variety of applications


including sophisticated control circuitry. A common way we
use them is to control dimming of LEDs or to control the
direction of a servo motor. We can accomplish a range of
results in both applications because pulse width modulation
allows us to vary how much time the signal is high in an
analog fashion. While the signal can only be high (usually
5V) or low (ground) at any time, we can change the
proportion of time the signal is high compared to when it is
low over a consistent time interval.

We use analogWrite in case of PWM


even when it is a digital pin. The range of
values of PWM pins is 0 to (2^8 -1) ie 255
(8 bit). PWM pins can be used as normal
digital pins too.
Both of these programs are available in the Examples section under File.

Analog Pins : These pins are used for signals which are a
measured response to changes in physical
phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature,
position, or pressure. There are 6 anlalog pins on
Arduino Uno. These pins are mostly used for getting
values from variable resistors such as themistor,
photoresistor, potentiometer, etc. Analog pins have a
range of 10 bits ie 0 - 1023.

An electronics breadboard (as opposed to the type on


which sandwiches are made) is actually referring to a
solderless breadboard. These are great units for making
temporary circuits and prototyping, and they require
absolutely no soldering. Breadboards are used in almost
all circuits involving
Arduino

For tutorials and help related to Arduino visit


these websites
https://www.arduino.cc/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCxzA9_
kg6s&list=PLV009FNOX7TfXSyghg2vrSYXw1QcCHaX

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