SPSS 11.

0 for Windows
September 2001 Operating systems - SPSS 11.0 for Windows runs on Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows ME, and Windows 2000 operating s ste!s. We strong" re#o!!end t$at ou insta"" %nternet E&p"orer '.0 (in#"uded on t$e SPSS for Windows )*-+,M-. Windows NT users s$ou"d upgrade to Ser.i#e Pa#/ ' or 0. SPSS Server and upgrades - %f ou #onne#t to an SPSS Ser.er, and wor/ in distri1uted ana" sis !ode, #$e#/ wit$ our s ste! ad!inistrator 1efore upgrading. T$e SPSS for Windows .ersion !ust !at#$ t$e .ersion of t$e SPSS Ser.er software at our site. SPSS Ser.er 11.0 is re2uired wit$ t$is .ersion of SPSS. Installation

W$en t$e SPSS for Windows )*-+,M is inserted in t$e )*-+,M dri.e on a Mi#rosoft Windows-1ased #o!puter, t$e 3utop"a s$ou"d 1egin t$e setup pro#ess (un"ess t$is feature $as 1een disa1"ed-. SPSS #an a"so 1e insta""ed 1 e&e#uting t$e setup.e&e progra! "o#ated in t$e root dire#tor on t$e )*-+,M. %nstru#tions for insta""ing t$e SPSS are "o#ated in t$e Individual Installation Instructions on t$e )*+,M in t$e Installation Documents dire#tor . Site 3d!inistrators s$ou"d a"so read4 Site License Version Administrator's Guide Site and Network Versions Installation on a Network Site License Version Licensin !orm "or #nd $sers Networ/ 5i#ense 3d!inistrators s$ou"d a"so read4 Network License Versions Administrator's Guide Site and Network Versions Installation on a Network Network License Version License %ana er So"tware

New statistical procedures added in SPSS add-on modules Ratio Statistics. 3 new pro#edure pro.ides a #o!pre$ensi.e "ist of su!!ar statisti#s for des#ri1ing t$e ratio 1etween two s#a"e .aria1"es, in#"uding #oeffi#ient of

dispersion, #oeffi#ient of .ariation, pri#e-re"ated differentia", and a.erage a1so"ute de.iation. inear !i"ed !odels. 3 new pro#edure ena1"es ou to #onstru#t predi#ti.e !ode"s w$en ou $a.e a nested data stru#ture. 6ou #an for!u"ate a wide .ariet of !ode"s, in#"uding 7i&ed Effe#ts 3N,83 Mode", +ando!i9ed )o!p"ete :"o#/s *esign, Sp"itP"ot *esign, Pure" +ando! Effe#ts Mode", +ando! )oeffi#ient Mode", Mu"ti"e.e" 3na" sis, ;n#onditiona" 5inear <rowt$ Mode", 5inear <rowt$ Mode" wit$ a person"e.e" #o.ariate, +epeated Measures 3na" sis, and +epeated Measures 3na" sis wit$ ti!e-dependent #o.ariate. %n addition, ou #an wor/ wit$ repeated !easure designs, su#$ as in#o!p"ete repeated !easure!ents in w$i#$ t$e nu!1er of o1ser.ations .aries a#ross su1=e#ts. 3.ai"a1"e in t$e 3d.an#ed Mode"s option. Performance en#ancements. <enera" 5inear Mode"s, Pro&i!ities, >ierar#$i#a" )"uster 3na" sis (:ase s ste!-, and Mu"tino!ia" 5ogisti# +egression (+egression Mode"s- now run !u#$ faster t$an in pre.ious re"eases. $ata management. +estru#ture data to #reate a sing"e #ase (re#ord- fro! !u"tip"e #ases or #reate !u"tip"e #ases fro! a sing"e #ase. $ata%ase Wi&ard. Now a""ows ou to auto!ati#a"" re#ode #ategori#a" string .a"ues to nu!eri# .aria1"es (using t$e origina" .a"ues as .a"ue "a1e"s-, auto-=oin ta1"es using pri!ar ?foreign /e re"ations$ips, and o1tain rando! sa!p"es fro! "arge data sour#es. 'e"t Wi&ard. Now a""ows ou to read )S8-for!at te&t data t$at #ontains te&t 2ua"ifiers (su#$ as, @1,000@, @2,000@, ...-. O (P )u%es. Now a""ows ou to #a"#u"ate arit$!eti# and per#entage differen#es 1etween #ategories of a grouping .aria1"e or 1etween separate .aria1"es. One-Way (NO*(. Now in#"udes t$e :rown-7ors t$e and We"#$ tests. Scientific notation for small num%ers. 6ou #an #$oose not to see it in our output (fro! t$e Edit !enu, #$oose ,ptions, and t$en #"i#/ t$e <enera" ta1-. (ggregate. Median $as 1een added to t$e "ist of a.ai"a1"e 3ggregate fun#tions. (rit#metic functions. 3.ai"a1"e fun#tions in arit$!eti# e&pressions are e&panded to in#"ude densit fun#tions for #ontinuous and dis#rete distri1utions. !ultinomial ogistic Regression. New fun#tiona"it added to t$is pro#edure a""ows ou to sa.e esti!ated response pro1a1i"ities, predi#ted response #ategories, pro1a1i"it of predi#ted response #ategories, and pro1a1i"it of a#tua" response #ategories. 3.ai"a1"e in t$e +egression Mode"s option.

)ategorical Regression. T$is pro#edure $as 1een redesigned to !a/e it !ore powerfu" and easier to use. 3.ai"a1"e in t$e )ategories option. )ategorical Principal )omponents (nalysis. %!pro.e!ents in t$is pro#edure now !a/e resu"ts easier to understand. 3.ai"a1"e in t$e )ategories option.

Installation and Operation of O$+) $rivers %f ou want to retrie.e data fro! data1ases in a networ/ en.iron!ent ("o#a" area or wide area networ/-, #onta#t our SPSS s ste! ad!inistrator for infor!ation a1out $ow to #onfigure our des/top #o!puter wit$ ,*:) data sour#es. %f ou are a s ste! ad!inistrator, p"ease read Gettin Started wit& S'SS Data Access (ec&nolo ) in t$e Installation Documents dire#tor on t$e )*-+,M. %f t$ere is no s ste! ad!inistrator at our site ou #an insta"" and #onfigure ,*:) data sour#es ourse"f. %nsta""a1"e .ersions of ,*:) dri.ers fro! SPSS )onne#t ,*:) and Mi#rosoft are a.ai"a1"e on t$e )*-+,M. We re#o!!end t$at ou use t$e SPSS )onne#t ,*:) dri.ers un"ess ou need a dri.er for Mi#rosoft 3##ess. %nstru#tions for insta""ing t$e SPSS )onne#t ,*:) dri.ers and t$e Mi#rosoft 3##ess *ri.er are in S'SS Data Access 'ack Installation Instructions , in#"uded in t$e Installation Documents dire#tor on t$e )*-+,M. +efer to t$e *nown Issues and 'roblems in S'SS 11+0 "or ,indows se#tion 1e"ow for spe#ifi# ,*:) dri.er issues.

,nown Issues and Pro%lems in SPSS 11.0 for Windows $ata%ase Wi&ard user interface - %f, w$i"e ou are using t$e *ata1ase Wi9ard to open a data1ase, ou #annot see t$e Limit -etrieved .ases pane", #"i#/ t$e *ata Editor Window. T$e pane" wi"" reappear. 'e"t Import Wi&ard and c#aracters - SPSS #annot pro#ess string .a"ues "onger t$an 2'' #$ara#ters. :efore ou i!port t$e data, edit it to redu#e t$e "engt$ of t$e strings. %f ou en#ounter a pro1"e! i!porting a .a"ue t$at #ontains a foreign #$ara#ter, edit t$e fi"e and re!o.e t$e #$ara#ter to fi& t$e pro1"e!. Overwriting active .S(* files wit# -,..P or -$ROP / %t is not possi1"e to o.erwrite t$e a#ti.e .S38 fi"e using t$e ?AEEP or ?*+,P su1#o!!ands, or 1 se"e#ting spe#ifi# .aria1"es fro! t$e Sa.e 3s dia"og. %n order to a##o!p"is$ t$is, one s$ou"d

first #op a"" of t$e data to a te!porar dis/ fi"e using t$e fo""owing s nta& 1efore sa.ing t$e fi"e4 B)3)>E. ECE);TE.D P"ease note t$at t$e *ata Editor wi"" not ref"e#t t$ese #$anges. )ac#ing data - T$e *ata1ase Wi9ard and t$e Te&t Wi9ard pro.ide an optiona" setting t$at auto!ati#a"" #a#$es t$e data t$at t$e i!port. : defau"t #a#$ing is on and t$e wi9ards #reate a #op of t$e entire dataset. %f ou turn #a#$ing off, SPSS does not $a.e a##ess to t$e entire data fi"e -- t$e origina" data sour#e is re-read as needed -- and t$e tota" nu!1er #ases is un/nown. W$en t$e tota" nu!1er of #ases is un/nown, Go to .ase, .op), and 'aste do not wor/ as e&pe#ted in t$e *ata Editor. 6ou #an #orre#t t$e pro1"e! 1 turning #a#$ing on. Performance wit# wide files - %f our data fi"e $as !an #o"u!ns, ou #an i!pro.e t$e perfor!an#e of t$e grap$i#a" user interfa#e 1 setting our <enera" ,ptions to a.oid disp"a ing variable labels in alp&abetic order. Se"e#t ,ptions fro! t$e Edit !enu, and go to t$e <enera" ta1 to set options for Variable Lists. T$e ot$er #o!1ination of options perfor! we"". Specifying su%stitution fonts w#en converting 'rue'ype to PostScript in .PS e"ports - W$en e&porting #$arts or !aps fro! t$e SPSS 8iewer to En#apsu"ated PostS#ript (EPS-, one !a #$oose an option to #on.ert TrueT pe fonts to PostS#ript fonts. 3"t$oug$ t$e defau"t 1e$a.ior of t$is option is !at#$ up a TrueT pe font wit$ a PostS#ript font fa!i" for #on.ersion, one #an e&p"i#it" spe#if a su1stitution PostS#ript font in t$e %E&E7ont.ini #onfiguration fi"e "o#ated in t$e SPSS insta""ation dire#tor (dire#tions and sa!p"es in#"uded-. T$is feature !a pro.e usefu" for users of !u"ti-1 te te&t w$o re2uire #on.ersion to a spe#ifi# PostS#ript font. C:\\LOCALS~1\Temp\spss####xxx.tmp contains an invalid path / T$ere is a defe#t in SPSS w$i#$ !anifests itse"f w$en one first starts SPSS after a fres$ insta"" and runs a pro#edure after !a/ing #$anges to t$e ,ptions settings under t$e Edit !enu. T$is defe#t wi"" not reappear after one #"oses down SPSS and restarts. !icrosoft ."cel 0000 1 0000 2Office 3P4 - SPSS $ata (ccess Pac5 - T$e dri.ers in#"uded in t$e SPSS *ata 3##ess Pa#/ do not wor/ wit$ E&#e" 2000 or E&#e" 2002 (,ffi#e CP- fi"es. ;se t$e Mi#rosoft *ata 3##ess pa#/ to open t$ese .ersions of E&#e" fi"es in SPSS. Installing !ultiple )opies of (do%e (cro%at / %t is $ig$" re#o!!ended t$at ou on" insta"" one .ersion of 3do1e 3#ro1at on a #o!puter. So!e 1rowsers !ig$t $a.e pro1"e!s "oading !u"tip"e p"ug-ins for !u"tip"e .ersions of 3#ro1at. %f ou wis$ to upgrade to t$e .ersion of 3#ro1at w$i#$ is "o#ated on t$e SPSS )*-+,M, p"ease uninsta"" a"" ot$er .ersions first. Oracle and Se6ue in5 Server - %f ou are using t$e Se2ue5in/ Ser.er at our site, it !ig$t not wor/ #orre#t" wit$ ,ra#"e 8. ;se )onne#t ,*:) instead. )onne#t ,*:) is in#"uded in t$e SPSS *ata 3##ess Pa#/.

7apanese c#aracters in !erant driver setup / Fapanese #$ara#ters #annot 1e spe#ified in t$e *ata Sour#e Na!e or *es#ription of t$e .ersion of Merant data1ase dri.ers w$i#$ are s$ipped wit$ SPSS 11.0. Merant a#/now"edges t$at t$is is a pro1"e!, and p"ans to re"ease a fi&. .n#anced !etafiles 2.!84 cropped in Internet ."plorer G SPSS 8iewer o1=e#ts e&ported as EM7s are #ropped w$en .iewed using %nternet E&p"orer. Nets#ape #annot read t$e EM7 for!at. %t is re#o!!ended t$at !ore popu"ar i!age for!ats 1e used for use wit$ 1rowsers.

inear !i"ed !odels / %n t$e M%CE* pro#edureHs 7i&ed and +ando! dia"og 1o&es, #"i#/ing t$e :ui"d nested ter!s option a""ows ou to spe#if ter!s in.o".ing #rossed and?or nested effe#ts. %f t$is is a#ti.e and ou #ontinue out of t$e dia"og 1o& wit$out adding t$e ter! fro! t$e :ui"d Ter! 1o&, t$en re-enter t$e dia"og 1o&, we strong" re#o!!end #"earing t$e ter! and starting o.er. %f ou do not, ou !a 1e a1"e to #reate i""ega" ter!s, w$i#$ wi"" pre.ent t$e M%CE* pro#edure fro! running. ,n t$e M%CE* pro#edureHs 7%CE* and +3N*,M su1#o!!ands, an spe#ifi#ation in.o".ing nesting wit$in a ter! #ontaining a #o.ariate is i""ega". 7or e&a!p"e, if C is a #o.ariate, 3(C- and 3(:IC- are not a""owed. %n t$e 7i&ed and +ando! dia"og 1o&es, a si!p"e nesting error su#$ as 3(C- wi"" 1e pre.ented, 1ut a !ore #o!p"e& one su#$ as 3(:IC- wi"" not. 3n i""ega" 7%CE* or +3N*,M su1#o!!and #an resu"t, w$i#$ wi"" pre.ent t$e M%CE* pro#edure fro! running. T$e +ando! dia"og 1o& wi"" a""ow ou to spe#if a su1=e#t #o!1ination wit$out spe#if ing an rando! effe#ts. T$is wi"" generate an in.a"id +3N*,M su1#o!!and, w$i#$ wi"" pre.ent t$e M%CE* pro#edure fro! running. W$en generating !u"tip"e +3N*,M su1#o!!ands .ia t$e +ando! dia"og 1o&, an su1#o!!ands s$aring t$e sa!e su1=e#t #o!1inations !ust in.o".e on" uni2ue effe#ts. T$e dia"og 1o& wi"" not pre.ent spe#ifi#ation of t$e sa!e effe#ts on different su1#o!!ands. 3"so, it wi"" not pre.ent spe#ifi#ation of fun#tiona"" identi#a" effe#ts (e.g., 3(:- and 3I:- on t$e sa!e or different su1#o!!and(s-. %n eit$er #ase, an i""ega" #o!1ination of +3N*,M su1#o!!ands wi"" resu"t, w$i#$ wi"" pre.ent t$e M%CE* pro#edure fro! running. %n t$e +ando! dia"og 1o& if t$e %n#"ude %nter#ept #$e#/1o& is #$e#/ed 1ut no fa#tors or #o.ariates are spe#ified as rando! effe#ts, t$e Ne&t 1utton wi"" not

1e#o!e a.ai"a1"e. T$erefore, in order to generate a +3N*,M su1#o!!and wit$ no effe#t(s- ot$er t$an an inter#ept, t$at su1#o!!and !ust 1e t$e "ast one spe#ified in t$e +ando! dia"og 1o&. %f t$ere are !u"tip"e su1#o!!ands spe#ified, t$e "ast of w$i#$ #ontains on" t$e inter#ept, t$at spe#ifi#ation wi"" not 1e generated un"ess )ontinue is #"i#/ed w$i"e re!aining at t$at "ast spe#ifi#ation, un"ess t$at spe#ifi#ation a"so in#"udes a su1=e#t #o!1ination. SPSS !aps - T$e SPSS Map ,ption #ontains t$e fo""owing /nown pro1"e!s or re2uire!ents4 Running a networ5 installation of SPSS - T$e Map ,ption wi"" not run fro! a networ/ insta""ation. %f ou need to run t$e !ap option, insta"" SPSS on our des/top #o!puter. imited num%er of ranges in Range of *alues map - %f ou sa.e an output fi"e t$at #ontains a +ange of 8a"ues !ap t$at $as !ore t$an fi.e ranges defined, ou wi"" not 1e a1"e to reopen t$at fi"e. T$erefore t$e "i!it on t$e nu!1er of ranges in t$e )reate +ange of 8a"ues Map dia"og $as 1een set to fi.e. 6ou #an #reate a +ange of 8a"ues !ap wit$ !ore ranges using s nta& or 1 editing t$e !ap, and ou #an #op t$at !ap as a !etafi"e into anot$er app"i#ation su#$ as a word pro#essorJ 1ut if ou sa.e t$e SPSS output fi"e #ontaining su#$ a !ap, ou wi"" 1e una1"e to open t$e fi"e at a"". T$e pro1"e! is in t$ird-part software. SPSS %n#. $as not et 1een a1"e to o1tain a fi& fro! t$e software .endor, 1ut wi"" distri1ute a pat#$ as soon as t$e fi& 1e#o!es a.ai"a1"e.

Range of *alues map causes application error wit# Natural +rea5 and no data - %f our data spe#ifi#ation resu"ts in no data re#ords for !apping, t$e Natura" :rea/ for!u"a for deter!ining ranges fai"s wit$ an app"i#ation error. T$is !ost #o!!on" $appens if our #$oi#e of a geoset or "a er wit$in a geoset does not #orrespond to our data. 3 !is!at#$ ta1"e s$ou"d 1e produ#ed to indi#ate t$is pro1"e!, 1ut t$e app"i#ation error pre.ents it fro! 1eing s$own. )opy O%9ects unavaila%le wit# maps - Maps are #opied to ot$er software as !etafi"es. )op ,1=e#ts wi"" not wor/ #orre#t" . 3 side effe#t of t$is is t$at ou !ust #op and paste !aps one at a ti!e. +ar c#art and pie c#art map t#eme si&e not restored - )$anges ou !a/e to t$e si9e of 1ar #$arts and pie #$arts in editing !aps are not retained w$en t$e !ap is sa.ed and restored. *aria%le to refine geograp#ic matc# can cause SPSS to #ang - %f ou use 1ot$ a geograp$i# .aria1"e and a .aria1"e to refine t$e !at#$, t$e resu"ting data ta1"e #an e&#eed t$e #apa1i"ities of Maps and #ause SPSS to $ang.

Most signifi#ant" , wit$ ;nited States data, if ou use )ount and State as our geograp$i# and refining .aria1"es and $a.e data for !ore t$an a few states, ou wi"" e&perien#e t$is pro1"e!. %f ou are using t$e .arious #ount "e.e" data fi"es distri1uted wit$ SPSS Maps, ou #an a.oid t$is pro1"e! 1 spe#if ing t$e '-digit 7%PS #odes as our geograp$i# .aria1"e and no refining .aria1"e. 7%PS #odes identif #ounties uni2ue" . 7or data #ontaining state and #ount .aria1"es 1ut not 7%PS #odes, a so"ution to add 7%PS #odes to t$e data wi"" 1e a.ai"a1"e on t$e SPSS we1 site. !aps re6uire updated system resources - %f it $as 1een a w$i"e sin#e ou added Mi#rosoft produ#ts to our s ste!, ou !a $a.e outdated s ste! resour#e fi"es. %nsta""ing %nternet E&p"orer 4 or ' (re2uired for t$e SPSS Statisti#s )oa#$- wi"" update t$ose fi"es. .rror messages may appear during install under N' - %f ou $a.e a .ersion of NT 4.0 t$at $as not 1een updated re#ent" , ou !a see !essages during insta""ation a1out fai"ure of geoset insta""ation. T$e SPSS insta""ation rep"a#es t$e s ste! resour#e fi"e re2uired for su##essfu" insta""ation, w$i#$ wi"" ta/e p"a#e after ou re1oot our !a#$ine at t$e end of t$e SPSS insta""ation. 6ou #an safe" dis!iss and ignore t$e warnings. !aps does not use t#e 8I '.R or W.I:;' commands - T$is #ou"d "ead to !isinterpreted resu"ts. Resources SPSS 3nswerNet - $ttp4??www.spss.#o!?te#$?answer? SPSS Te#$ni#a" Support G $ttp4??www.spss.#o!?te#$?