Qırmızı Qəsəbə is a village and municipality in the Quba District of Azerbaijan. As of 2010, it had a population of 3,598, mostly Jews. It is widely believed to be the world's only population centre exclusively made up of Jewish people outside of Israel and the United States, and is likewise considered to be the last surviving shtetl. Located across the Qudyal river from the city of Quba, it is the principal settlement of Azerbaijan's Caucasus Jewish population; the most widely spoken language in the village is Judeo-Tat. The names of the municipality in Azerbaijani, Russian, and Hebrew all translate to "Red Town" or "Red Village", supposedly in reference to the red tiles used on the buildings. Other sources attribute the name of Qırmızı Qəsəbə to the protected status that it received during World War II, when its residents were shielded from potential persecution in light of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.