[8,11,12] Most patients with DCM are diagnosed when they become symptomatic; however, presymptomatic affected individuals can be detected during specialist cardiovascular examination by identifying echocardiographic signs of LV enlargement, a decreased ejection fraction and/or fractional shortening, wall motion abnormalities and atrial enlargement, and electrocardiographic features, including a primary, secondary or tertiary atrioventricular block, a left or right bundle branch block, abnormal QRS patterns (including left or right axis deviation), premature ventricular or atrial contractions, atrial fibrillation or flutter and ventricular arrhythmias/ tachycardias.

Based on this finding, six family members underwent presymptomatic diagnosis.

Detection of selective atrophy in the course of the disease with structural MRI helps the clinician in the diagnosis of dementia, and studies using voxel-based volume analysis, cortical thickness measurements, and tractography analyzes have shown that structural changes in AD are detectable even in the presymptomatic period.

Predicting adaptation to presymptomatic DNA testing for late onset disorders: who will experience distress?

Previous studies in development of various therapeutic approaches for ALS typically used presymptomatic mice.

"By moving upstream, we hope to develop a more proactive preventive approach to managing heart failure patients so that we can implement a medical intervention during this presymptomatic phase of worsening heart failure and avert a heart failure hospitalization," the cardiologist explained.

Animals were assigned presymptomatic (ps-[SOD1.sup.G93A]) at the age of approximately 7 months with no clinical signs of disease and at the peak of body weight-time curve.

Identification of novel mutations provides opportunities for the understanding of etiology, realizing presymptomatic diagnosis, and improving the prognosis of POAG.

"Large, international prospective studies are needed with exploration of cfDNA as well as RNA in presymptomatic healthy individuals in their forties, long term follow-up, and the use of multiple genome-wide assays that address each layer of biological information."

Also new in the guidelines are warnings about the risk of disease from blood and organ donors who are asymptomatic or presymptomatic for rickettsial diseases.

Being able to identify the presymptomatic condition is a key goal for medical researchers seeking to delay or even prevent AD onset.

Primary care physicians' central role in caring for established heart failure may be clear, but the part they should play in identifying and managing presymptomatic, stage A patients remains out of focus.