[L.sup.-1]) and aphotic (3.69 [+ or -] 3.6 [mm.sup.3].

bottoms in aphotic Vegetation missing, mussels occur zone with no particular but coverage <10%.

Different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined in whole samples collected from both the photic and aphotic zones following methods described by APHA (1992) for nitrate, Strickland and Parsons (1960) for nitrite, Solorzano (1969) for ammonia nitrogen, Valderrama (1981) for total nitrogen, and Adams (1990) and Boyd and Tucker (1992) for total phosphorus and soluble phosphate.

Bacterial diversity and ecosystem function of filamentous microbial mats from aphotic (cave) sulfidic springs dominated by chemolithoautotrophic "Epsilonprotcobacteria." FEMS Microbiology Ecology.

R., 1990, "Aphotic pigment degradation in the hypolimnion: implications for sedimentation studies and paleolimnology" Limn.

lucifuga (SVL = 62 mm) was collected by hand from the aphotic zone of Flat Rock Cave (Tennessee Cave Survey Number SM66) in Smith County, Tennessee (36[degrees] 14.06'N, 86[degrees] 05.57'W).

Their label Secretly Canadian describe it as a "hypnotic voyage through a largely aphotic locale with unpredictable bursts of light and sound".

The region below this is known as the aphotic (no-light) zone, but this is only true for sunlight, as bioluminescence is common.

Bathypelagic (Aphotic) Zone 1,000 to 4,000 m No light penetrates to the midnight zone.

Second, because aquatic species from transparent groups that are found at aphotic depths tend to be strongly pigmented (usually red, orange, or black) (Hardy, 1956; Herring and Roe, 1988), only terrestrial taxa and aquatic taxa at euphotic and dysphotic depths are considered.

The level just below the limit at which light is sufficient for photosynthesis is especially important because it separates an upper photic region from a lower aphotic layer, the latter with very little or no light.

NEP of the upper ocean (the photic zone) is positive; this region exports organic material to the deep (aphotic) ocean (NEP [is less than] 0).

Future research on the effects of aphotic conditions on development and alterations of morphology and biochemistry may aid in our understanding of the evolution of troglobitic organisms.

In other words, the reduction in optic structures occurs as a correlated response to selection for elaboration of extraoptic sensors in an aphotic environment (see Fong 1985).

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