scotica, America: Centrocercus urophasianus, Tympanuchus cupido, Bonasa umbellus).

Lesser and greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) have already been shown to exhibit avoidance behavior of anthropogenic features such as power lines (Hagen et al, 2011) and wind turbines (Winder et al, 2014a); therefore, if avoidance has already occurred, detection of an effect on survival may be difficult.

Along with the greater prairie chicken in the genus Tympanuchus are Attwater's prairie chicken, the lesser prairie chicken and the extinct heath hen.

This means working with species such as the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus), which is listed as threatened, and other species such as the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), box turtles (Terrapene spp.), and Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) that need assistance.

Gillen says this push was sparked by a decrease in lesser prairie chickens, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, which are grassland-nesting birds being considered for listing as a threatened species.

Key words: sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus phasianellus, endoparasites, James Bay

Abstract.--To provide an assessment of the current status of populations of the lesser prairie chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in southeastern New Mexico, this study monitored 4,368 sites along 3,428 km of transects, which surveyed a total of 548,608 hectares, in search of active leks during April 2000 and 2001.

In North America, massive displacement of native grasslands for mono-culture farming and grazing is driving out two species of prairie chickens (Tympanuchus phasianellus and Tympanuchus pallidicinctus).

Similarly, Sharptailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus), Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), and Prairie Grouse (Tympanuchus cupido) in North America showed synchronous [sim]10-yr cycles (Keith 1963).

Part II outlines the basic framework of the ESA and illustrates its operation by examining the Act's protection of Attwater's prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), an endangered grouse historically inhabiting the coastal prairie grasslands of Texas.

For example, leks of male greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) and ochre-bellied flycatchers (Mionectes oleagineus) are located in areas where the potential for encountering females is higher than in other areas (Schroeder and White 1993; Westcott 1997).

Additionally, there appears to be some promise for other gallinaceous birds with greater harvests such as sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus, gray partridge Perdix perdix, chukar Alectoris alectoris or quail Callipepla sp.

The greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) was once common throughout the Midwestern United States and in the grasslands of Iowa.

One of the icons and umbrella-species of the prairie of the southcentral united States is the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), an endemic grouse that has experienced a precipitous decline in population size in the past decades, chiefly because of large-scale conversions and loss of habitat (Woodward et al., 2001; Fuhlendorf et al., 2002; Samson et al., 2004; Pruett et al., 2009a; C.

Geological Survey, C2S2 provides advice and guidance for improved captive management of the federally endangered masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in Arizona; is assessing the causes of death in reintroduced Attwater's prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) at Attwater's Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge in Texas; and is examining the low fertility of the whooping crane breeding flock at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Maryland.