Cloning to produce two earlier-staged feeding larvae from a single 4- to 6-arm
pluteus would be an adaptive response to favorable feeding conditions, provided that lost development time did not incur too high a cost in cohort mortality.
The amount of tissue allocated to the production of another individual via budding is considerable and results in two small larval clones (i.e., the original
pluteus and budded individual) that are similar in overall size.
granularis
pluteus larvae after 96 h of incubation in the presence of pesticides.
Once the blastula reach the pluteuslarval phase through gastrula and prism stages (Figure2), the culture was examined daily and numbers of larva developed into each 2-and 4-arm
pluteus stage (Figure2) were counted by sub-sampling techniques.
75 (1) 164 351 59 (1) Microcalanus 349 131 132 530 1038 pygmaeus Metridia longa 3 1 3 7 Acarlia longiremis 5 1 7 4 3 Oithona similis 123 85 (8) 182 372 128 (12) (1) (48) (14) Oncaea borealis 31 20 20 70 48 Harpacticoids 7 (1) 0 1 49 Unidentified 66 41 83 copepods Copepod nauplii 458 353 328 530 337 Cirriped nauplii 78 81 1235 1964 1043 Amphipods 1 2 1 Decapods 1 Sagitta elegans 3 1 I 5 2
Pluteus larvae 38 3 5 Oikopleura 228 Fritillaria 0 546 597 Figure 2 shows the copepod species from this collection that exhibit characteristic changes in numbers over time.
In most respects,
Pluteus 29.1 is fairly simple to read with respect to pitch.
[[sup.3]H]Hemicholinium-3 binding to the transporter was found in the cell membrane fraction at stages from the unfertilized egg to
pluteus, with a binding affinity comparable with that seen in mammalian brain.
1068 duff/soil infrequent Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.:Fr.) 1091 soil/duff infrequent Kummer Chlorophyllum molybdites (Fr.) 1074 soil/duff abundant Sacc Leucoagaricus nauceus (Fr.) 1076 soil infrequent Singer Family Pluteaceae
Pluteus cervinus (Schaeffer.
The most studied example is the larval sea urchin (the
pluteus).
Most echinoderms have a feeding larval form, the
pluteus larva, but some develop directly into an adult urchin.
Cypris of barnacle (0.6%) and
pluteus of echinoderms (0.42%) were also detected (Table 2).
When they reached the
pluteus four-arms stage, larvae were fed twice a day ad libitum with a mixture of Pavlova lutheri, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and Isochrysis galbana.
0.19 tu Leucocoprinus luteus 0.20 st Marasmiaceae Lentinula edodes 0.56 gh Pluteaceae
Pluteus sp.
Ademas, se han estudiado los generos Gymnopilus,
Pluteus, Psilocybe, Scleroderma y Volvariella, asi como hongos liquenizados y mixomicetes (Guzman-Davalos y Guzman, 1985, 1986; Trujillo et al., 1986; Guzman-Davalos y Alvarez, 1987; Alvarez y Guzman-Davalos, 1988, 1993, 2009; Vazquez et al., 1989; Vazquez y Guzman-Davalos, 1991b; Guzman, 1998; Rodriguez, 1998; Rodriguez y Guzman-Davalos, 2000, 2001).
When the larvae attained the 4-armed
pluteus stage, they were reared in the same system (400 or 800 mL glass bottles) with a larval density of 1 individual/mL.