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Marianne in Chains: Daily Life in the Heart of France During the German Occupation Paperback – June 1, 2004

by Robert Gildea (Author)
4.0 4.0 out of 5 stars 35 ratings
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A startling and original view of the occupation of the French heartland, based on a new investigation of everyday life under Nazi rule

In France, the German occupation is called simply the "dark years." There were only the "good French" who resisted and the "bad French" who collaborated. Marianne in Chains, a broad and provocative history, uncovers a rather different story, one in which the truth is more complex and humane.

Drawing on previously unseen archives, firsthand interviews, diaries, and eyewitness accounts, Robert Gildea reveals everyday life in the heart of occupied France. He describes the pressing imperatives of work, food, transportation, and family obligations that led to unavoidable compromise and negotiation with the army of occupation. In the process, he sheds light on such subjects as forced labor, the role of the Catholic Church, the "horizontal collaboration" between French women and German soldiers, and, most surprisingly, the ambivalent attitude of ordinary people toward the Resistance.

A great work of reconstruction, Marianne in Chains provides a clear view, unobscured by romance or polemics, of the painful ambiguities of living under tyranny.

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  1. Print length
    528 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Publisher
    Picador
  4. Publication date
    June 1, 2004
  5. Dimensions
    5.5 x 1.21 x 8.5 inches
  6. ISBN-10
    9780312423599
  7. ISBN-13
    978-0312423599
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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Gildea has done a great service...A considerable achievement.” ―The New York Times

“[A] carefully researched and richly nuanced study.” ―The Boston Globe

“Subtle and humane.” ―The New Yorker

“A searching inquiry...Provocative--and timely.” ―Kirkus Reviews (starred)

“Stunning...In his nuanced and intricate work of historical reconstruction Gildea has grappled heroically with the ambiguity at the heart of history and in the heart of man.” ―The Atlantic Monthly

About the Author

Robert Gildea is Professor of French History at the University of Oxford.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ 0312423594
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Picador; First Edition (June 1, 2004)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 528 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780312423599
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0312423599
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.1 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 1.21 x 8.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.0 4.0 out of 5 stars 35 ratings

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Robert Gildea

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4 out of 5 stars
35 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book's content scholarly and well-researched. They appreciate the lively writing style and interesting details. Overall, customers describe it as an interesting read on the war years in France.

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Scholarly contentReadability
4 customers mention "Scholarly content"4 positive0 negative

Customers find the book's content scholarly and well-researched. They appreciate the nuanced study of how the French government dealt with the Germans. However, some readers feel the writing style is lively but dense with details.

"...Well researched with a lively writing style." Read more

"...The concluding chapter wound up being the most interesting part of the book, since it did manage to tie it all together fairly well, considering the..." Read more

"...It is dense and full of details, but the biggest problem is it concentrates on the original occupation zone and has little to say about Vichy France...." Read more

"Very informative for historians and authors of historical fiction." Read more

3 customers mention "Readability"3 positive0 negative

Customers find the book readable and interesting. It's written by an academic on the war years in France.

"Good book by strong academic on the war years in France. Very nuanced study of how French government dealt with the Germans...." Read more

"Read this for my french class, interesting read. A lot of history, a lot of facts, not the best "color" to the subject." Read more

"...Not a bad book, just not what I was expecting, especially with the evocative book title." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

  • Satisfied customer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Detailed history
    Reviewed in the United States on March 24, 2021
    Verified Purchase
    This is a great resource to learn about life in France during and after the Occupation. Well researched with a lively writing style.
    One person found this helpful
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  • K. Coscino
    2.0 out of 5 stars Scholarly, perhaps, but dull
    Reviewed in the United States on June 30, 2004
    Verified Purchase
    This book was so fragmented that it was difficult to pull the broader picture out of it. It lacked cohesion, presenting as separate chapters important details which could have been woven into a much more readable whole, a much better flow.
    The general belief that the French collaborated with the Germans during the occupation was explored in various shades of grey but never really pinned down in black and white---I'm not sure if by the end of it, I was convinced one way or the other, although that little practical distinction was made between occupied and Vichy France did lend more overall credibility to the general collaboration idea. Endless stories with so much boring personal detail contrasted cooperation with defiance, plenty with privation, acceptance with imposition.
    The French were definitely pictured as opportunists, opening their businesses, homes and bodies to avoid the potential of brutal plunder, and all the while covertly cheating their often gullible captors in every way they could. Being stationed in France and away from the harsh battlefront was the creme assignment, and while indulging themselves they often fell unwitting prey to almost anything the French could come up with. On the other hand, the Germans were presented as basically respectful of the French through common ancestry and religion, and honor for their heroic actions during WW1---although the military reasons for being there were never too far below the surface, despite the free-wheeling lifestyle they were experiencing in France.
    The concluding chapter wound up being the most interesting part of the book, since it did manage to tie it all together fairly well, considering the amount of detail to work with. I think the book could probably have been half as long and much more appealing if Gildea could just have kept it on track rather than digressing into endless minutiae.
    34 people found this helpful
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  • E.P. McLean
    3.0 out of 5 stars Review of German occupation
    Reviewed in the United States on July 8, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    Good book by strong academic on the war years in France. Very nuanced study of how French government dealt with the Germans. It reveals that the relationship was more complex then the popular myth maintains. It is dense and full of details, but the biggest problem is it concentrates on the original occupation zone and has little to say about Vichy France. It would have been helpful to know how the south dealt with the occupation after 1942.
    5 people found this helpful
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  • Samantha K.
    5.0 out of 5 stars Interesting history read
    Reviewed in the United States on September 10, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    Read this for my french class, interesting read. A lot of history, a lot of facts, not the best "color" to the subject.
    4 people found this helpful
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  • Gini Grossenbacher
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on September 5, 2016
    Verified Purchase
    Very informative for historians and authors of historical fiction.
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Thomas Dunskus
    5.0 out of 5 stars The Man who shot Kommandant Hotz
    Reviewed in the United States on August 26, 2003
    In September, 1939, France and Britain declared war on Germany because of the latter`s invasion of Poland. France manned its northern and eastern defenses, the Germans manned the Westwall", occasional artillery rounds were fired to make sure that the guns were properly trained, but for more than six months, all was quiet on the western front. Then, in early May of the following year, the Germans attacked by way of Belgium, broke through the French lines and raced to the Channel coast, giving the French government barely enough time to transfer to Bordeaux, and encircling the British Expeditionary Force in the pocket of Dunkirk (from which the latter was able to escape with acceptable losses).
    The French retreated in great haste and disorder, not only the army, but also the civilian population that, for decades, had been fed horror stories of what the Germans would do to them. Many just tried to get away as best they could, others, like units of the Gendarmerie, the Orléans fire brigade or other public services were ordered to do so. What with the general disorder that war brings about the result was often utter chaos, on the roads and in the towns. Eventually, France stopped fighting, and the Germans established themselves according to a pattern governed by military considerations: essentially in northern France and along the Atlantic coast, leaving the rest of the country unoccupied for the next two and a half years, until the Allied landing in North Africa forced them to secure their southern flank. Robert Gildea`s book is an account of daily life in the lower Loire valley during those difficult years.
    It is still a subject of historical debate to what extent the government constituted by Maréchal Pétain during the last days of the war was a legitimate entity. At the time of the events described in the book the answer depended largely on the political position of the person concerned. In any case, there was a French government and it continued to function. The German military authorities exercized a certain amount of local supervision in accordance with their needs and Berlin continually tried to align the Vichy government to her policies - often with limited success.
    The divisions that had plagued France in the 1930s did not melt into a united front of all patriots against the occupying force. Interests - political, economic, or historical - were far too divergent. One of the main twists was that, until Germany attacked the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, one year after the defeat of France, the French communists strictly toed the Moscow party line and supported strongly the German demands on the French economy. Their change of policy in mid-1941 manifested itself in numerous acts of terrorism. In the area Professor Gildea concentrates on, such an act was the assassination of the rather popular local Feldkommandant, Lieutenant-Colonel Hotz. It led, inevitably, to reprisals and the shooting of hostages. The selection of hostages was a particularly thorny matter for all sides, and the roster of potential hostages may well have been an element considered by the attackers who thus sought to achieve both an immediate result and a more far-reaching political advantage.
    It is quite obvious that in a situation as it existed in France during those years it was impossible for persons with any sort of authority not to deal with the Germans in one way or another, it was impossible for them not to 'collaborate'. As the author amply illustrates, such people often found themselves in a situation where they would be 'damned if they did and damned if they didn`t' - either right away or at the end of the war. A case in point is the relève, i.e. the attempt to bring home, by sending out replacements, French prisoners of war working in Germany. Another example of the dilemmas many Frenchmen were facing is the supply of goods to the German side. If the country was not to collapse economically, people had to be kept employed, and the wine the country continued to produce had to be marketed. In the absence of other clients, the Germans were an obvious choice.
    The book shows how, after the end of the war and after the obvious settlement of accounts between the various groups in the Résistance, France, under the leadership of General de Gaulle, managed to maintain national unity by stressing only one side of those difficult years and promoting everyone to the rank of hero. It also describes how, in recent years, the story of the Résistance has somewhat waned and the deportation of Jews has tended to become the prominent theme of the commemorative ceremonies.
    The rifts that run through France in many directions are still so deep that it would perhaps be dangerous to undo the myths that are holding the country together and that have had the beneficial effect of assuring a tenuous yet lasting internal peace ever since the end of the Second World War. In this connection, I am always reminded of the old American film The Man who shot Liberty Valance" which stressed the importance of myths for the cohesion of a society even at the expense of truth. Unfortunately for Professor Gildea this means that he may find it difficult to get a translation of his book published in France.
    52 people found this helpful
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  • Jeanajoan
    3.0 out of 5 stars Too dry
    Reviewed in the United States on July 19, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    I was expecting more personal social anthropology, and this was stats info and observation. Not a bad book, just not what I was expecting, especially with the evocative book title.
    2 people found this helpful
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  • DJ
    2.0 out of 5 stars Two Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    Didn't like it very much. Expected something different.
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Thirsty Plant
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 15, 2017
    Verified Purchase
    This is one of a selection of books chosen to give me an insight in to the French psyche.
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  • Gounin Pierre
    2.0 out of 5 stars Marianne in Chains
    Reviewed in France on May 9, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    Ce n'est pas un travail d'historien sérieux mais plutôt une histoire reconstituée par un romantique.
    Il est complètement à coté de la vérité voire en complet contre-sens sur des points que je connais très bien.
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