Abstract
This paper considers some of the debates surrounding the term competence and the relevance that these have for the development of competence frameworks. Such frameworks are increasingly on the agenda, since they purport to support training programme development, to identify competence gaps, to promote self-development, and to ensure common standards. This paper shows, however, that notions of competence have specific meanings in particular contexts, that they have been contested, and that they have fallen into and out of favour over time. The paper concludes by teasing out the implications that competing definitions of competence have for the guidance field.
Résumé.
Compétences et cadres de référence des compétences dans les conseils d’orientation: concepts complexes et contestés. Cet article considère certaines des discussions entourant le terme “compétence” et leur pertinence pour le développement d’un cadre de référence pour ce concept. De tels cadres sont de plus en plus à l’ordre du jour, puisqu’ils prétendent soutenir le développement de programmes de formation, identifier les lacunes dans les compétences, favoriser le développement de soi et constituer des normes communes. Cet article montre cependant que les notions recouvertes par le terme de compétence ont des sens spécifiques dans des contextes particuliers, qu’elles ont été contestées et qu’elles ont du succès ou tombent en désuétude avec le temps. L’article conclut en démêlant les implications que les définitions concurrentes de la compétence ont pour le champ du conseil.
Zusammenfassung.
Kompetenz und Kompetenzmodelle in der beruflichen Beratung: Komplexe und konkurrierende Ansätze. Dieser Artikel betrachtet einige der Diskussionen rund um den Begriff “Kompetenz” und die Bedeutung dieser Diskussionen für die Entwicklung von Kompetenzmodellen. Solche Modelle sind zunehmend von Interesse, weil sie von sich selbst behaupten, sie seien eine wirksame Unterstützung von Ausbildungsprogrammen, könnten Kompetenzdefizite identifizieren, seien förderlich bei der persönlichen Weiterentwicklung, und sie würden allgemeine Standards sicherstellen. Dieser Artikel zeigt jedoch auf, dass die Auffassungen über Kompetenz in unterschiedlichen Kontexten durchaus unterschiedliche Bedeutungen haben, dass zwischen diesen Auffassungen Konkurrenzwettbewerbe stattgefunden haben, und dass die einzelnen Ansätze im Lauf der Zeit mehr oder weniger in Mode kamen oder in den Hintergrund traten. Abschließend filtert der Artikel die Bedeutungen heraus, die sich aus konkurrierenden Definitionen von Kompetenz für den Beratungsbereich ergeben.
Resumen.
Competencia y marcos de competencia en la orientación para la carrera: conceptos complejos y cuestionados. En este artículo se presentan algunos de los debates en torno al término “competencia” y su relevancia para el desarrollo de marcos de competencia. Dichos marcos están cada vez más en auge, puesto que pretenden favorecer el desarrollo de programas de formación, identificar lagunas en las competencias, promover el auto-desarrollo, y garantizar estándares comunes de formación. En este artículo se demuestra, sin embargo, que los conceptos de competencia tienen significados específicos en contextos particulares, que se han discutido y cuestionado, y que se ha estado tanto a favor como en contra de ellos a lo largo del tiempo. El artículo concluye extrayendo las implicaciones que tienen las distintas definiciones de competencia para el campo de la orientación.
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Sultana, R.G. Competence and competence frameworks in career guidance: complex and contested concepts. Int J Educ Vocat Guidance 9, 15–30 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-008-9148-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-008-9148-6