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{{Infobox anthem
{{Infobox anthem
| title = Björneborgarnas marsch<br>Porilaisten marssi<br>Porilaste marss
| title = {{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch|italic=no}}<br>Porilaisten marssi<br>Porilaste marss
| image = Björneborgarnas marsch, akvarell av Albert Edelfelt från 1900.jpg
| image = Björneborgarnas marsch, akvarell av Albert Edelfelt från 1900.jpg
| caption = Swedish soldiers of the Björneborg regiment during the [[Finnish war]] (1808-1809). Painting by [[Albert Edelfelt]], 1900
| caption = Swedish soldiers of the Royal Björneborg regiment during the [[Finnish war]] (1808–1809). Painting by [[Albert Edelfelt]], 1892.
| transcription =
| transcription =
| english_title = March of the Björneborgers or March of the Pori Regiment
| english_title = March of the Björneborgers or March of the Pori Regiment
Line 11: Line 11:
| country = {{Flagicon image|Suomen Puolustusvoimien tornileijona.svg}} [[Finnish Defence Force]]
| country = {{Flagicon image|Suomen Puolustusvoimien tornileijona.svg}} [[Finnish Defence Force]]
----
----
'''Song of the {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of Finland.svg}} [[President of Finland]]
'''Song of the {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of Finland.svg}} [[President of Finland]]'''
----
----
'''Military anthem of the {{Flagicon image|EKV coat of arms.svg}} [[Estonian Defence Forces]]
'''Military anthem of the {{Flagicon image|EKV coat of arms.svg}} [[Estonian Defence Forces]]'''
----
----
'''Song of the {{Flagicon image|Flags of Estonia - Commander-in-Chief.svg}} [[Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces]]
'''Song of the {{Flagicon image|Flags of Estonia - Commander-in-Chief.svg}} [[Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces]]'''
----
----
'''Song of the Commander-in-Chief of the Estonian Defence Forces
'''Song of the Commander-in-Chief of the Estonian Defence Forces'''
| composer = Unknown, 18th century
| composer = Unknown, 18th century
| author = [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]] (Swedish), 1860<br>[[Paavo Cajander]] (Finnish)
| author = [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]] (Swedish), 1860<br>[[Paavo Cajander]] (Finnish)
Line 27: Line 27:
}}
}}
'''Björneborgarnas marsch''' ({{lang-fi|Porilaisten marssi}}; {{lang-et|Porilaste marss}}; 'March of the [[Pori|Björneborgers]]' or 'March of the [[Pori Brigade|Pori Regiment]]') is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Martial music|military march]] from the [[18th century]]. Today, it is mainly performed in [[Finland]] and has served as the [[honors music|honorary march]] of the [[Finnish Defence Forces]] since 1918.<ref name="kysy">{{cite web |title=Mitenkä Porilaisten marssi on syntynyt? |url=http://www.kysy.fi/kysymys/mitenka-porilaisten-marssi-syntynyt |website=Kysy |accessdate=7 June 2020}}</ref>
'''{{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch|italic=no}}''' ({{lang-fi|Porilaisten marssi}}; {{lang-et|Porilaste marss}}; 'March of the [[Pori|Björneborgers]]' or 'March of the [[Pori Brigade|Pori Regiment]]') is a Swedish [[Martial music|military march]] from the 18th century. Today, it is mainly performed in [[Finland]] and has served as the [[honors music|honorary march]] of the [[Finnish Defence Forces]] since 1918.<ref name="kysy">{{cite web |title=Mitenkä Porilaisten marssi on syntynyt? |url=http://www.kysy.fi/kysymys/mitenka-porilaisten-marssi-syntynyt |website=Kysy |language=fi |accessdate=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610131554/http://www.kysy.fi/kysymys/mitenka-porilaisten-marssi-syntynyt |archive-date=10 June 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The original melody of Björneborgarnas marsch is most likely French in origin, and was composed by an unknown composer in the 18th century, although the modern brass band arrangement is by the Finnish German composer Konrad Greve.<ref name="presidentti">{{cite web |title=Porilaisten Marssi |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/ahtisaari/fin/instituutio/porilaisten_marssi.html |website=Presidentti |accessdate=7 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="turunsanomat"/><ref name="keskisuomalainen">{{cite news |last1=Jussila |first1=Risto |title=Porilaisten marssi ei olekaan porilainen |url=https://www.ksml.fi/kulttuuri/Porilaisten-marssi-ei-olekaan-porilainen/62578 |accessdate=7 June 2020 |work=Keskisuomalainen |date=1 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="helsinginsanomat">{{cite news |last1=Sirén |first1=Vesa |title=Onko se Porilaisten marssi? |url=https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000002694189.html |accessdate=7 June 2020 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |date=6 December 2013}}</ref>
The original melody of {{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch|italic=no}} is most likely French in origin, and was composed by an unknown composer in the 18th century, although the modern brass band arrangement is by the Finnish German composer Konrad Greve.<ref name="presidentti">{{cite web |title=Porilaisten Marssi |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/ahtisaari/fin/instituutio/porilaisten_marssi.html |website=Presidentti |language=fi |accessdate=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610130823/https://www.presidentti.fi/ahtisaari/fin/instituutio/porilaisten_marssi.html |archive-date=10 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="turunsanomat"/><ref name="keskisuomalainen">{{cite news |last1=Jussila |first1=Risto |title=Porilaisten marssi ei olekaan porilainen |url=https://www.ksml.fi/kulttuuri/Porilaisten-marssi-ei-olekaan-porilainen/62578 |language=fi |accessdate=7 June 2020 |work=Keskisuomalainen |date=1 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729071926/https://www.ksml.fi/paikalliset/2737668 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="helsinginsanomat">{{cite news |last1=Sirén |first1=Vesa |title=Onko se Porilaisten marssi? |url=https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000002694189.html |language=fi |accessdate=7 June 2020 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |date=6 December 2013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>


Later in the same century, it was made popular in Sweden by the poet [[Carl Michael Bellman]], who used it as a basis for his epistle 51 “[[Movitz blåste en konsert]]” (Movitz blew a concert), and was subsequently adopted as a military march by the [[Swedish Army|Royal Swedish army]]. Following Sweden’s defeat to [[Russian Empire|Russia]] in the [[Finnish War|Finnish war]] of 1808-1809, her eastern provinces formed the Russian-controlled [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand duchy of Finland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lagus |first=Ernst |year=1904 |title=Björneborgarnes marsch: Efter »en musik- och kulturhistorisk essay» |journal=Svensk Musiktidning |language=Swedish |pages=27-29}}</ref>
Later in the same century, it was made popular in Sweden by the poet [[Carl Michael Bellman]], who used it as a basis for his epistle 51 "{{Lang|sv|[[Movitz blåste en konsert]]|italic=no}}" (Movitz blew a concert), and was subsequently adopted as a military march by the [[Swedish Army|Royal Swedish army]]. Following Sweden's defeat to [[Russian Empire|Russia]] in the [[Finnish War]] of 1808–1809, her eastern lands formed the Russian-controlled [[Grand Duchy of Finland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lagus |first=Ernst |year=1904 |title=Björneborgarnes marsch: Efter »en musik- och kulturhistorisk essay» |journal=Svensk Musiktidning |language=Swedish |pages=27–29}}</ref>


The march remained popular throughout the 19th century in both Sweden and Finland. The original text was published in Swedish in 1860 by the [[Finland|Finnish]] [[national poet]] [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]] in his epic poem ''[[The Tales of Ensign Stål]]'', although [[Zachris Topelius]] had also given it his own words in 1858.<ref name="presidentti" /><ref name="turunsanomat">{{cite news |last1=Latvakangas |first1=Eva |title=Musikaalihitistä kunniamarssiksi |url=https://www.ts.fi/teemat/1074098935/Musikaalihitista+kunniamarssiksi |accessdate=7 June 2020 |work=Turun Sanomat |date=5 February 2006}}</ref> The most commonly used [[Finnish language|Finnish]] translation was written by [[Paavo Cajander]] in 1889, along with Cajander's translation of ''The Tales of Ensign Stål''.<ref name="turunsanomat" /> The name of the march refers to the Björneborg regiment (Pori in Finnish) of the Swedish army. It contains an iambic meter.
The march remained popular throughout the 19th century in both Sweden and Finland. The original text was published in Swedish in 1860 by the Finnish [[national poet]] [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]] in his epic poem ''[[The Tales of Ensign Stål]]'', although [[Zachris Topelius]] had also given it his own words in 1858.<ref name="presidentti" /><ref name="turunsanomat">{{cite news |last1=Latvakangas |first1=Eva |title=Musikaalihitistä kunniamarssiksi |url=https://www.ts.fi/teemat/1074098935 |language=fi |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=Turun Sanomat |date=5 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917203332/https://www.ts.fi/teemat/1074098935 |archive-date=17 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The most commonly used [[Finnish language|Finnish]] translation was written by [[Paavo Cajander]] in 1889, along with Cajander's translation of ''The Tales of Ensign Stål''.<ref name="turunsanomat" /> The name of the march refers to the Björneborg regiment (Pori in Finnish) of the Swedish army. It contains an iambic meter.


==Use==
==Use==
''Björneborgarnas marsch'' today serves as the [[honors music|honorary march]] of the [[Finnish Defence Forces]] and is played (only rarely sung) for the Commander-in-Chief, i.e. the [[President of Finland]].<ref name="turunsanomat"/> The President has, however, the right to delegate this position to another Finnish citizen; the only time this has occurred was during the World War II, when Marshal [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] acted as Commander-in-Chief instead of then-President [[Risto Ryti]]. Thus, Ryti is the only President of Finland not to have been Commander-in-Chief at any point of his two terms (1940–1944).
{{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch}} today serves as the [[honors music|honorary march]] of the [[Finnish Defence Forces]] and is played (only rarely sung) for the Commander-in-Chief, i.e. the [[President of Finland]].<ref name="turunsanomat"/> The President has, however, the right to delegate this position to another Finnish citizen; the only time this has occurred was during the World War II, when Marshal [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] acted as Commander-in-Chief instead of then-President [[Risto Ryti]]. Thus, Ryti is the only President of Finland not to have been Commander-in-Chief at any point of his two terms (1940–1944).


As Finland and Estonia share similarities in their languages, culture and also through their respective military traditions, it is also the [[Estonian Defence Forces]]' official honorary march, played for the [[Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces]], its Commander-in-Chief appointed, under constitutional provisions, to the office by the [[Ministry of Defence (Estonia)|Ministry of Defence]] and the Cabinet on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Estonia. The tune was first publicly played in Estonia at the 7th [[Estonian Song Festival]] in 1910.<ref>[https://sa.laulupidu.ee/ajalugu/vii-laulupidu/ VII LAULUPIDU (1910)]</ref> It was also the march of the [[Head of the State of Estonia|State Elder]] (later as presidential march) in Estonia till 27 January 1923 when the then-[[Minister of Defence (Estonia)|Minister of War]] [[Jaan Soots]] replaced it with the [[Pidulik marss]] which had won the contest for Estonian-composed state honorary march in 1922.<ref>{{cite news | title=Eero Raun: "Piduliku marsi" autorit süüdistati esialgu plagiaadis | author=Eesti Rahvusringhääling | date=2021-02-16 | url=https://menu.err.ee/1608111451/eero-raun-piduliku-marsi-autorit-suudistati-esialgu-plagiaadis | website=menu.err.ee | language=Estonian | accessdate=2022-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite | title=Sõjaministri päevakäsud (1 Jan - 31 Dec 1921, nr. 1-753) | author= Sõjaministeerium | year=1921 | url=https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14305 | website=www.digar.ee | accessdate=2022-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite | title=Sõjaministri päevakäsud (3 Jan - 31 Dec 1923, nr. 4-584) | author=Sõjaministeerium | year=1923 | url=https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14313 | website=www.digar.ee | accessdate=2022-04-23}}</ref>
As Finland and Estonia share similarities in their languages, culture and also through their respective military traditions, it is also the [[Estonian Defence Forces]]' official honorary march, played for the [[Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces]], its Commander-in-Chief appointed, under constitutional provisions, to the office by the [[Ministry of Defence (Estonia)|Ministry of Defence]] and the Cabinet on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Estonia. The tune was first publicly played in Estonia at the 7th [[Estonian Song Festival]] in 1910.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sa.laulupidu.ee/ajalugu/vii-laulupidu/ | title=VII LAULUPIDU (1910) |language=ee |publisher=Eesti Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA |accessdate=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517040056/https://sa.laulupidu.ee/ajalugu/vii-laulupidu/ |archive-date=17 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was also the march of the [[Head of State of Estonia|State Elder]] (later as presidential march) in Estonia till 27 January 1923 when the then-[[Minister of Defence (Estonia)|Minister of War]] [[Jaan Soots]] replaced it with the [[Pidulik marss]] which had won the contest for Estonian-composed state honorary march in 1922.<ref>{{cite news | title=Eero Raun: "Piduliku marsi" autorit süüdistati esialgu plagiaadis | author=Eesti Rahvusringhääling | date=2021-02-16 | url=https://menu.err.ee/1608111451/eero-raun-piduliku-marsi-autorit-suudistati-esialgu-plagiaadis | website=menu.err.ee | language=Estonian | accessdate=2022-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331102115/https://menu.err.ee/1608111451/eero-raun-piduliku-marsi-autorit-suudistati-esialgu-plagiaadis |archive-date=31 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Sõjaministri päevakäsud (1 Jan – 31 Dec 1921, nr. 1-753) |author=Sõjaministeerium |year=1921 |url=https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14305 |website=www.digar.ee |accessdate=2022-04-23 |language=ee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917205713/https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14305 |archive-date=17 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Sõjaministri päevakäsud (3 Jan – 31 Dec 1923, nr. 4-584) |author=Sõjaministeerium |year=1923 |url=https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14313 |website=www.digar.ee |accessdate=2022-04-23 |language=ee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423012714/https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/en/raamatud/14313 |archive-date=23 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Non-political ===
=== Non-political ===
Since 1948, the Finnish national broadcast company Yleisradio has played ''Björneborgarnas marsch'' played on radio or television every time a Finnish athlete wins a [[gold medal]] in the Olympic games – the traditional phrase to initiate this was ''"Pasila, Porilaisten Marssi"'' (radio) and ''"Helsinki, Porilaisten Marssi"'' (television). An exception to this was made in 1998 when [[MTV3]] similarly asked the song to be played after [[Mika Häkkinen]] won the [[1998 Formula One World Championship]].<ref>[https://www.iltalehti.fi/pyeongchangin-olympialaiset-2018/a/201802242200769653 ”Pasila, Porilaisten marssi” – Miksi suomalaisen voittaessa olympiakultaa Yle soittaa Porilaisten marssin eikä vaikka Sandstormia? Yle Urheilun päällikkö avaa tradition taustat], ''Iltalehti'', 24 February 2018</ref>
Since 1948, the Finnish national broadcast company Yleisradio has played {{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch}} played on radio or television every time a Finnish athlete wins a [[gold medal]] in the Olympic games – the traditional phrase to initiate this was ''"Pasila, Porilaisten Marssi"'' (radio) and ''"Helsinki, Porilaisten Marssi"'' (television). An exception to this was made in 1998 when [[MTV3]] similarly asked the song to be played after [[Mika Häkkinen]] won the [[1998 Formula One World Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/pyeongchangin-olympialaiset-2018/a/201802242200769653 |title="Pasila, Porilaisten marssi" – Miksi suomalaisen voittaessa olympiakultaa Yle soittaa Porilaisten marssin eikä vaikka Sandstormia? Yle Urheilun päällikkö avaa tradition taustat |first=Samppa |last=Rautio |website=[[Iltalehti]] |publisher=[[Alma Media]] |date=24 February 2018 |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922184450/https://www.iltalehti.fi/pyeongchangin-olympialaiset-2018/a/201802242200769653 |archive-date=22 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


''Björneborgarnas marsch'' is also played on Christmas Eve during the [[Declaration of Christmas Peace]] ceremony, which has caused minor controversy due to the violent lyrics of the march, even though the lyrics are not sung on the occasion.
{{Lang|sv|Björneborgarnas marsch}} is also played on Christmas Eve during the [[Declaration of Christmas Peace]] ceremony, which has caused minor controversy due to the violent lyrics of the march, even though the lyrics are not sung on the occasion.


In the video game ''[[My Summer Car]]'', the march is played on the intro. A remixed version can be heard in the credits scene.
In the video game ''[[My Summer Car]]'', the march is played on the intro, where the protagonist is born in the back seat of their parents' (and later, said protagonist's) [[Nissan_Cherry#Second_generation_(F10;_1974–1978)|car]], as they rush to a hospital. A remixed version can be heard in the credits scene.


==Lyrics==
==Lyrics==
Line 76: Line 76:
===Lyrics in Finnish===
===Lyrics in Finnish===
Translation by [[Paavo Cajander]], 1889.
Translation by [[Paavo Cajander]], 1889.
<!-- Another version by Heikki Klemetti (d. 1953) is still under copyright. DO NOT replace this version with it. -->

:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Pojat, kansan urhokkaan,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Pojat, kansan urhokkaan,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|mi Puolan, Lützin, Leipzigin}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|mi Puolan Lützenin ja Narvan}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|ja Narvan mailla vertaan vuoti,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|tanterilla verta vuoti,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|viel' on Suomi voimissaan,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|viel' on Suomi voimissaan,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|voi vainolaisten hurmehella peittää maan.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|voi vihollisen hurmehella peittää maan!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Pois, pois rauhan toimi jää,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Pois, pois, toimet rauhaisat!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|jo tulta kohta kalpa lyö}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Jo tulta tuiskii, myrsky käy,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|ja vinkuen taas lentää luoti.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|jo viuhkaa kanuunasta luoti.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Joukkoon kaikki yhtykää,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Eespäin, miehet uljahat!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|meit' entisajan sankarhenget tervehtää.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Meit' urhoollisten isäin henget seuraavat.}}


:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Kauniina väikkyy muisto urhojemme,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Kas kunnian jo tähti meille hohtaa!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|kuolossa mekin vasta kalpenemme.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Tuttavahan on verityö, mi kohtaa.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Eespäin rohkeasti vaan,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Eespäin kaikki rientäkää!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|ei kunniaansa myö}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Vapautemme ikivanha tie on tää.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|sun poikas milloinkaan!}}


:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Uljaana taistolippu liehu,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Voittoisa lippu meitä johtaa,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|voitosta voittohon}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|muinahisaikain taisteluista ryysyinen.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|sä vielä meitä viet!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Eespäin, sä jalo vaate verinen!}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Eespäin nyt kaikki, taisto alkakaa,}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|Viel' liehuu jäännös Suomen värein entisten.}}
:{{lang|fi|italic=no|saa sankareita vielä nähdä Suomenmaa!}}


===Lyrics in Estonian===
===Lyrics in Estonian===
Line 134: Line 132:
:Not yet is [[Finland]] defeated;
:Not yet is [[Finland]] defeated;
:With the blood of foes a field may still be tinted red!
:With the blood of foes a field may still be tinted red!
:Rest, begone, away, and peace!
:Rest, begone, away with peace!
:A storm unleashed; lightning swarms and cannons thunder on,
:A storm unleashed; lightning swarms and cannons thunder on,
:Forward! Forward, line by line!
:Forward! Forward, line by line!
Line 150: Line 148:
:Be proud, our noble, tattered Standard!
:Be proud, our noble, tattered Standard!
:There is still a piece of Finland's ancient Colours left!
:There is still a piece of Finland's ancient Colours left!

==Arrangements==
* military band, arranged in 1851 by the German-Finnish composer and bandleader {{ill|Konrad Greve|fi}}
* male choir {{em|a&nbsp;cappella}}, arranged in 1858 by the German-Finnish composer [[Fredrik Pacius]] to words by [[Zacharias Topelius]], replaced in 1860 with words by [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]] (Recording: {{ill|Henrik Wikström (conductor)|lt=Henrik Wikström|sv|Henrik Wikström (dirigent)}} and [[Akademiska Sångföreningen]] for [[BIS Records]], CD–1694)
* mixed choir {{em|a&nbsp;cappella}}, arranged in ???? by the Finnish composer [[Martin Wegelius]] to words by ????
* chamber ensemble, arranged in 1892 by the Finnish composer [[Jean Sibelius]] (lost)
* orchestra, arranged in 1900 by Sibelius (Recording: [[Osmo Vänskä]] and the [[Lahti Symphony Orchestra]] for BIS Records, CD–1445)
* piano, arranged {{c.|1901}} by the Finnish composer [[Selim Palmgren]] (Recording: {{ill|Jouni Somero|fi}} for Grand Piano, GP939)
* orchestra, arranged in 1904 by the Finnish composer [[Robert Kajanus]] (Recording: Osmo Vänskä and the Lahti Symphony Orchestra for BIS Records, CD–575)
* piano, arranged in ???? by the Finnish composer [[Armas Järnefelt]] (Recording: {{ill|Janne Oksanen|fi}} for {{ill|Alba Records|fi}}, ABCD&nbsp;506)


==See also==
==See also==
* "[[Maamme]]", Finnish national anthem
* "[[Maamme]]", Finnish national anthem
* "[[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]]", Estonian national anthem
* "[[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]]", Estonian national anthem
* "[[Naprej, zastava slave]]", the Slovene military and presidential anthem


== References ==
== References ==
Line 173: Line 182:
[[Category:Estonian poems]]
[[Category:Estonian poems]]
[[Category:Estonian military marches]]
[[Category:Estonian military marches]]
[[Category:Compositions in B-flat major]]

Latest revision as of 20:17, 25 September 2024

Björneborgarnas marsch
Porilaisten marssi
Porilaste marss
English: March of the Björneborgers or March of the Pori Regiment
Swedish soldiers of the Royal Björneborg regiment during the Finnish war (1808–1809). Painting by Albert Edelfelt, 1892.
Military anthem of Finnish Defence Force

Song of the President of Finland

Military anthem of the Estonian Defence Forces

Song of the Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces

Song of the Commander-in-Chief of the Estonian Defence Forces
LyricsJohan Ludvig Runeberg (Swedish), 1860
Paavo Cajander (Finnish), 1889
MusicUnknown, 18th century
Adopted1918
Audio sample

Björneborgarnas marsch (Finnish: Porilaisten marssi; Estonian: Porilaste marss; 'March of the Björneborgers' or 'March of the Pori Regiment') is a Swedish military march from the 18th century. Today, it is mainly performed in Finland and has served as the honorary march of the Finnish Defence Forces since 1918.[1]

History

[edit]

The original melody of Björneborgarnas marsch is most likely French in origin, and was composed by an unknown composer in the 18th century, although the modern brass band arrangement is by the Finnish German composer Konrad Greve.[2][3][4][5]

Later in the same century, it was made popular in Sweden by the poet Carl Michael Bellman, who used it as a basis for his epistle 51 "Movitz blåste en konsert" (Movitz blew a concert), and was subsequently adopted as a military march by the Royal Swedish army. Following Sweden's defeat to Russia in the Finnish War of 1808–1809, her eastern lands formed the Russian-controlled Grand Duchy of Finland.[6]

The march remained popular throughout the 19th century in both Sweden and Finland. The original text was published in Swedish in 1860 by the Finnish national poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg in his epic poem The Tales of Ensign Stål, although Zachris Topelius had also given it his own words in 1858.[2][3] The most commonly used Finnish translation was written by Paavo Cajander in 1889, along with Cajander's translation of The Tales of Ensign Stål.[3] The name of the march refers to the Björneborg regiment (Pori in Finnish) of the Swedish army. It contains an iambic meter.

Use

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Björneborgarnas marsch today serves as the honorary march of the Finnish Defence Forces and is played (only rarely sung) for the Commander-in-Chief, i.e. the President of Finland.[3] The President has, however, the right to delegate this position to another Finnish citizen; the only time this has occurred was during the World War II, when Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim acted as Commander-in-Chief instead of then-President Risto Ryti. Thus, Ryti is the only President of Finland not to have been Commander-in-Chief at any point of his two terms (1940–1944).

As Finland and Estonia share similarities in their languages, culture and also through their respective military traditions, it is also the Estonian Defence Forces' official honorary march, played for the Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces, its Commander-in-Chief appointed, under constitutional provisions, to the office by the Ministry of Defence and the Cabinet on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Estonia. The tune was first publicly played in Estonia at the 7th Estonian Song Festival in 1910.[7] It was also the march of the State Elder (later as presidential march) in Estonia till 27 January 1923 when the then-Minister of War Jaan Soots replaced it with the Pidulik marss which had won the contest for Estonian-composed state honorary march in 1922.[8][9][10]

Non-political

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Since 1948, the Finnish national broadcast company Yleisradio has played Björneborgarnas marsch played on radio or television every time a Finnish athlete wins a gold medal in the Olympic games – the traditional phrase to initiate this was "Pasila, Porilaisten Marssi" (radio) and "Helsinki, Porilaisten Marssi" (television). An exception to this was made in 1998 when MTV3 similarly asked the song to be played after Mika Häkkinen won the 1998 Formula One World Championship.[11]

Björneborgarnas marsch is also played on Christmas Eve during the Declaration of Christmas Peace ceremony, which has caused minor controversy due to the violent lyrics of the march, even though the lyrics are not sung on the occasion.

In the video game My Summer Car, the march is played on the intro, where the protagonist is born in the back seat of their parents' (and later, said protagonist's) car, as they rush to a hospital. A remixed version can be heard in the credits scene.

Lyrics

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Original Swedish lyrics

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Johan Ludvig Runeberg, 1860

Söner av ett folk, som blött
På Narvas hed, på Polens sand, på Leipzigs slätter, Lützens kullar,
Än har Finlands kraft ej dött,
Än kan med oväns blod ett fält här färgas rött!
Bort, bort, vila, rast och fred!
En storm är lös, det ljungar eld och fältkanonens åska rullar;
Framåt, framåt led vid led!
På tappre män se tappre fäders andar ned.

//

Ädlaste mål
Oss lyser på vår bana;
Skarpt är vårt stål
Och blöda är vår vana.
Alla, alla käckt framåt!
Här är vår sekelgamla frihets sköna stråt.

//

Lys högt, du segersälla fana,
Sliten av strider sen en grånad forntids dar,
Fram, fram, vårt ädla, härjade standar!
Än finns en flik med Finlands gamla färger kvar.

//

Lyrics in Finnish

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Translation by Paavo Cajander, 1889.

Pojat, kansan urhokkaan,
mi Puolan Lützenin ja Narvan
tanterilla verta vuoti,
viel' on Suomi voimissaan,
voi vihollisen hurmehella peittää maan!
Pois, pois, toimet rauhaisat!
Jo tulta tuiskii, myrsky käy,
jo viuhkaa kanuunasta luoti.
Eespäin, miehet uljahat!
Meit' urhoollisten isäin henget seuraavat.
Kas kunnian jo tähti meille hohtaa!
Tuttavahan on verityö, mi kohtaa.
Eespäin kaikki rientäkää!
Vapautemme ikivanha tie on tää.
Voittoisa lippu meitä johtaa,
muinahisaikain taisteluista ryysyinen.
Eespäin, sä jalo vaate verinen!
Viel' liehuu jäännös Suomen värein entisten.

Lyrics in Estonian

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Üles, vaimud vahvamad
kes Pärnu piirilt Peipsini
kes terves Eestis elamas
sest veel on Eestis vaimustust
mis kaitsma valmis kodupinna vabadust
Ja kuni särab meile tähte hele läik
meeles kõigil Riia võidukäik
Sest vahvad vaimud ärgake
Taas Eesti lippu lehvitage võidule
Välgu nüüd mõõk!
Värise vaenlane!
Paukuge püssid, vastu rõhujatele
surma ei karda eesti maleva!
Ei iial Eestit orjastada lase ta!
Pojad rahva vahvama
kes Pihkva, Jamburi ja Võnnu
väljadele külvand surma
Veel võib Eesti võidelda
veel vaenulise verega võib värvi maa
Kuulsuse täht toob hiilgust meie teile
Kõik koos tulle tormake
Me vabaduse kindlustuse tee on see
Välgu nüüd mõõk...

Lyrics in English

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Modern translation.

Sons of a people whose blood was shed,
On the field of Narva; Polish sand; at Leipzig; on Lützen's dark hills;
Not yet is Finland defeated;
With the blood of foes a field may still be tinted red!
Rest, begone, away with peace!
A storm unleashed; lightning swarms and cannons thunder on,
Forward! Forward, line by line!
Brave fathers look down on brave sons.
No nobler aim,
Could light our way,
Our steel is sharp,
To bleed is our custom,
Man by man, brave and bold!
Behold our ancient freedom's march!
Shine bright, our victorious banner!
Torn by distant battles of days gone,
Be proud, our noble, tattered Standard!
There is still a piece of Finland's ancient Colours left!

Arrangements

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Mitenkä Porilaisten marssi on syntynyt?". Kysy (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Porilaisten Marssi". Presidentti (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Latvakangas, Eva (5 February 2006). "Musikaalihitistä kunniamarssiksi". Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  4. ^ Jussila, Risto (1 September 2009). "Porilaisten marssi ei olekaan porilainen". Keskisuomalainen (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  5. ^ Sirén, Vesa (6 December 2013). "Onko se Porilaisten marssi?". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  6. ^ Lagus, Ernst (1904). "Björneborgarnes marsch: Efter »en musik- och kulturhistorisk essay»". Svensk Musiktidning (in Swedish): 27–29.
  7. ^ "VII LAULUPIDU (1910)" (in Ewe). Eesti Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  8. ^ Eesti Rahvusringhääling (16 February 2021). "Eero Raun: "Piduliku marsi" autorit süüdistati esialgu plagiaadis". menu.err.ee (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  9. ^ Sõjaministeerium (1921), "Sõjaministri päevakäsud (1 Jan – 31 Dec 1921, nr. 1-753)", www.digar.ee (in Ewe), archived from the original on 17 September 2022, retrieved 23 April 2022
  10. ^ Sõjaministeerium (1923), "Sõjaministri päevakäsud (3 Jan – 31 Dec 1923, nr. 4-584)", www.digar.ee (in Ewe), archived from the original on 23 April 2022, retrieved 23 April 2022
  11. ^ Rautio, Samppa (24 February 2018). ""Pasila, Porilaisten marssi" – Miksi suomalaisen voittaessa olympiakultaa Yle soittaa Porilaisten marssin eikä vaikka Sandstormia? Yle Urheilun päällikkö avaa tradition taustat". Iltalehti. Alma Media. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
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