standard language

English

Noun

standard language (plural standard languages)

1. (sociolinguistics) A form of a language that is institutionally promoted, regarded as the most "correct" or neutral variety; used by a population for public and formal purposes.

   Synonyms: standard, standard dialect, standard variety

   • 2014, Stephan Elspaß, Prescriptive norms and norms of usage in nineteenth-century German, University of Salzburg [Gijsbert Rutten, Rik Vosters, Wim Vandenbussche, Norms and Usage in Language History, 1600–1900: A sociolinguistic and comparative perspective, John Benjamins Publishing Company] p. 303:

     In modern standard languages, norms of usage often seem to be superimposed by prescriptive norms.

2. (sociolinguistics) A language that has a standard form as one of its varieties; a language that has undergone standardization.

   Synonym: standardized language

   • 1978, James E. Alatis, International Dimensions of Bilingual Education, Georgetown University Press, page xii:

     Some remain clusters of dialects like those of the Pamirs; others are at varying levels of stabilisation; some may be young standard languages, having only recently achieved that status; [...]

   • 1994, Suzanne Romaine, Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 85:

     Not all standard languages have the backing of institutions such as the Académie française. English is a good example of a standard language without such a regulatory body.

Translations

standard variety

• Afrikaans: standaardtaal (af)
• Afrikaans: standaardtaal (af)
• Arabic: معيرة لغة f (muʕīra luḡa)
• Azerbaijani: standart dil, ədəbi dil
• Basque: hizkuntza estandar
• Belarusian: стандартная мова f (standartnaja móva), літаратурная мова f (litaraturnaja móva), нарматыўная мова f (narmatyŭnaja móva), культурная мова f (kulʹturnaja móva)
• Bengali: প্রমিত ভাষা (prômitô bhaśa)
• Bulgarian: стандартен език m (standarten ezik), литературен език m (literaturen ezik), книжовен език m (knižoven ezik)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 標準語言／标准语言

• Czech: standardní jazyk m, spisovný jazyk m
• Dutch: standaardtaal (nl) f
• Finnish: yleiskieli (fi), kirjakieli (fi) (written), standardikieli
• French: langue standard f
• German: Standardsprache (de) f, Ausbausprache (de) f, Schriftsprache (de) f (especially written), Einheitssprache (de) f, Hochsprache (de) f, Gemeinsprache (de) f, Literatursprache (de) f
• Hungarian: sztenderd nyelvváltozat, sztenderd nyelv (hu), művelt köznyelv, sztenderd (hu), irodalmi nyelv
• Indonesian: bahasa baku (id), bahasa standar (id)
• Italian: lingua standard f
• Japanese: 標準語 (ja) (hyōjungo)
• Kalmyk: бәрмҗ келн (bärmj keln)
• Kazakh: әдеби тіл (ädebi tıl)
• Korean: 표준어 (ko) (pyojuneo)
• Latvian: standarta valoda f, literārā valoda f
• Lithuanian: bendrinė kalba f, standartinė kalba f, bendroji kalba f, literatūrinė kalba f
• Macedonian: стандарден јазик m (standarden jazik), литературен јазик m (literaturen jazik)
• Malay: bahasa baku, bahasa piawai, bahasa standard
• Polish: język ogólny (pl) m, język standardowy (pl) m, język literacki (pl) m, dialekt kulturalny m, narzecze ogólne n
• Portuguese: língua padrão f, língua-padrão f
• Romanian: limbă standard
• Russian: станда́ртный язы́к m (standártnyj jazýk), литерату́рный язы́к (ru) m (literatúrnyj jazýk), нормати́вный язы́к m (normatívnyj jazýk), культу́рный язы́к m (kulʹtúrnyj jazýk)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: стандардни језик m, књижевни језик m, стандардни идиом m

  Roman: standardni jezik m, književni jezik m, standardni idiom m

• Slovak: štandardný jazyk m, spisovný jazyk m
• Slovene: standardni jezik m, knjižni jezik m
• Spanish: lengua estándar f
• Swedish: standardspråk (sv) n, riksspråk n, högspråk (sv) n
• Turkish: standart dil (tr), ölçünlü dil (tr)
• Ukrainian: літературна мова (uk) f (literaturna mova), стандартна мова f (standartna mova), нормативна мова f (normatyvna mova), культурна мова f (kulʹturna mova)
• Vietnamese: tiếng chuẩn

standardized language

• Afrikaans: standaardtaal (af)
• Afrikaans: gestandaardiseerde taal
• Bengali: প্রমিত ভাষা (prômitô bhaśa)
• Polish: język standardowy (pl) m, język literacki (pl) m
• Russian: станда́ртный язы́к m (standártnyj jazýk)
• Spanish: lengua estándar f

See also

• literary language
• Modern Standard Arabic
• Standard English
• Standard Chinese (Standard Mandarin)
• Standard German

References

• Finegan, Edward (2007) Language: Its Structure and Use‎^[1], Boston: Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 14
• Coulmas, Florian (2017) An Introduction to Multilingualism: Language in a Changing World, Oxford University Press, p. 48, →ISBN