The 2024 Student Protests in Bangladesh: A Political Analysis of the Crisis in Autocracy Vs Democracy’(Author - MD.TANVIR HOSSAIN)

                                   Publish By 4th August, 2024 

Abstract

The 2024 student protests in Bangladesh represent a critical juncture in the nation's political trajectory. This research paper 
explores the underlying causes, development, and implications of these protests, particularly focusing on the role of Prime 
Minister Sheikh Hasina. The study investigates the thesis that these protests symbolize a struggle for Bangladesh's political 
destiny, with PM Hasina purportedly seeking to transform the country from an autocracy to a totalitarian regime. By analyzing 
the protests across various universities and divisions, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive political analysis of the 
ongoing crisis.

Introduction

The political climate in Bangladesh has become increasingly volatile, marked by widespread student protests that erupted in 
July and August 2024. These protests, driven by dissatisfaction with the current government, highlight significant socio-political 
issues and raise questions about the country's future direction. This research examines the causes, manifestations, and potential outcomes of the 2024 student protests, considering 
the role of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her administration.

Background

Historical Context:

Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has experienced numerous political upheavals. The country's political landscape 
has been shaped by power struggles between major parties, notably the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist 
Party (BNP). Sheikh Hasina, the leader of the Awami League, has been a dominant political figure, serving as Prime Minister 
since 2009.

Previous Student Movements:
Student movements have historically played a pivotal role in Bangladesh's political scene. From the Language Movement of 
the 1950s to the anti-autocracy protests of the 1990s, students have often been at the forefront of political change. The current 
protests continue this tradition, signaling a significant moment in the nation's history.

Causes of the 2024 Student Protests

Economic Challenges:

Bangladesh's economy, despite notable growth, has faced significant challenges, including high unemployment rates, 
particularly among the youth. Rising living costs and limited job opportunities have exacerbated frustrations, driving students to the streets.

Educational Issues:
The quality and accessibility of education have been persistent concerns. Students have protested against inadequate facilities, high tuition fees, and lack of job prospects postgraduation. The government's failure to address these issueshas fueled the current unrest.Political and Human Rights Concerns:
Allegations of corruption, human rights abuses, and autocratic governance under Sheikh Hasina have further inflamed dissent. 
The government's suppression of opposition voices and restrictions on freedom of speech have contributed to the growing discontent among students.

 "Bangladesh: Witness testimony, video and photographic analysis confirm police used unlawful force against protesters". Amnesty International. 17 July 2024.(Video link in the main research paper)

The Role of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina

The Role of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina

Governance Style and Policies:

Sheikh Hasina's tenure has been marked by a consolidation of power and a centralization of authority. Her administration has been accused of undermining democratic institutions and eroding civil liberties. Critics argue that her governance style is increasingly autocratic, with tendencies towards totalitarianism.

Public Perception and Opposition:

Public opinion on Hasina's governance is polarized. While her supporters commend her for economic progress and infrastructural development, her detractors highlight issues of 
corruption, nepotism, and human rights violations. The oppositiBNP and other parties, has capitalized on these grievances, supporting the student protests.