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Timescales of shock processes in chondritic and martian meteorites

Nature volume 435, pages 1071–1074 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

The accretion of the terrestrial planets from asteroid collisions and the delivery to the Earth of martian and lunar meteorites has been modelled extensively1,2. Meteorites that have experienced shock waves from such collisions can potentially be used to reveal the accretion process at different stages of evolution within the Solar System. Here we have determined the peak pressure experienced and the duration of impact in a chondrite and a martian meteorite, and have combined the data with impact scaling laws to infer the sizes of the impactors and the associated craters on the meteorite parent bodies. The duration of shock events is inferred from trace element distributions between coexisting high-pressure minerals in the shear melt veins of the meteorites. The shock duration and the associated sizes of the impactor are found to be much greater in the chondrite (∼1 s and 5 km, respectively) than in the martian meteorite (∼10 ms and 100 m). The latter result compares well with numerical modelling studies of cratering on Mars, and we suggest that martian meteorites with similar, recent ejection ages (105 to 107 years ago)3 may have originated from the same few square kilometres on Mars.

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Figure 1: Trace element maps of high-pressure minerals in Zagami and Tenham meteorites.
Figure 2: Peak shock pressure duration as a function of the cooling speed for the Tenham meteorite.
Figure 3: Diameters of the impact craters on Mars as a function of the impactor vertical speed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank F. Albarède, B. Reynard and P. McMillan for reading and improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5570, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon et Université Lyon I, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 7, France

    P. Beck & Ph. Gillet

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, D-55128, Mainz, Germany

    A. El Goresy & S. Mostefaoui

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Correspondence to P. Beck.

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Beck, P., Gillet, P., El Goresy, A. et al. Timescales of shock processes in chondritic and martian meteorites. Nature 435, 1071–1074 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03616

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