Abstract
Lake Kastoria is a shallow lake with many anthropogenic activities concentrated in its catchment area. Surficial runoff rich in agricultural waste and underground seepage from urban and rural areas enrich the lake with nutrients intensifying the eutrophication problem of the water.
Restoration techniques, with different approach, each one are proposed to restore the lake water. Treatment with alum is very effective but needs special care during the application. Reeds harvesting is an inexpensive and effective way and in combination with the city sewage redirection will improve the water quality and the trophic status of the lake sufficiently.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beeton, A.M.: Changes in the environment and biota of the Great Lakes. In Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences., Correctives. National Academy of Sciences, Washington 1969.
Biermann, V.J.; Dolan, D.M.; Kaasprzyk, R.: Retrospective analysis of the response of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, to reduction in phosphorus loadings. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18: 23–31 (1974)
Carlson, E.: A Trophic State Index for Lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 361–369 (1977)
Dillon, P.J.: A critical review of Vollenweider's nutrient budget model and other related models. Water Resources Bull. 10: 969–989 (1974)
Edmondson, W.T.: The present condition of Lake Washington. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 18: 284–291 (1972)
E. E. C.: Water quality directive 77/795/EEC. 1977.
Haslauer, J.; Moog, O.; Pum, M.: The effect of sewage removal on lake water quality. Arch. Hydrobiol. 101, 1/2, 113–134 (1984)
Jones, A.R.; Lee, F.G.: Recent advances in assessing the impact of phosphorus in eutrophication-related water quality. J. Wat. Res. 16, 503–515 (1982)
Kilikidis, S.D.; Kamarianos, A.P.; Fotis, G.; Koussouris, T.; Karamanlis, X.; Ouzounis,.: Ecological study on lakes of northern Greece, Agiou Vassiliou, Doirani, and Vistonis. Sci. Annals Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 271–395 (1984)
Kirchner, W. B.; Dillon, P. J.: An Emperical Method of Estimating the Retention of Phosphorus in Lakes. Water Resources Res. 11: 182–183 (1985)
Koussouris, T.; Diapoulis, A.; Balopoulos, E.: Limnological situations in two shallow Greek Lakes (Kastoria and Mikri Prespa Lakes). GeoJournal 14, 3, 377–379 (1987)
Koussouris, T.; Diapoulis, A.; Balopoulos, E.: Assessing the trophic status of Lake Mikri Prespa, Greece. Annals Limnol. 25, 3: 17–24 (1989)
Koussouris, T.; Diapoulis, A.; Photis, G.: Development and protection of the inland water of Greece. Lake Kastoria. Technical report 108. Spec. Publ. IOKAE, 10, 1985.
Kufel, I.; Kufel, L.: Heavy metals and mineral nutrients budget in Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia. Symp. Biolog. Hungarica 29: 61–66 (1985)
Lee, F. G.; Rast, W., Jones, R. A.: Eutrophication of waterbodies: Insights for an age-old problem. Env. Sci. and Techn. 12, 900–908 (1978)
Mason, C. F.; Bryant, J. R.: Production, nutrients contents and decomposition of Phragmites communis Trin. and Typha angustifolia L. J. of Ecol. 63: 71–95 (1978)
Morency, D. A.; Belnick, T. J.: Control of internal phosphorus loading in two shallow lakes by Alum and aquatic plant harvesting. Lake Manag. Techn. and Case Histories 3: 33 (1988)
Mourkides, G.; Tsikritsis, G.; Tsiouris, S.; Menkisoglou, U.: The Lakes of Northern Greece. I. Trophic Status 1977. Sci. Annels Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece 21, 5: 95–131 (1978)
OECD: Eutrophication of Waters. Monitoring, Assessment and Control OECD, Paris 1982.
Pearson, J.: Fish management at Skinner lake. Dep. Nat. Res. Div. Fish and Wild 1. Indian. 18, 1978.
Rast, W.; Lee, G. F.: Nutrients loading estimates for lakes. J. Env. Eng. ASCE, 109, 2: 502–517 (1983)
Rast, W.; Lee, G. F.; Jones, A. R.: Predictive capability of empirical phosphorus loading-lake response models developed in US Portion of OECD Eutrophication study. Dept. of Civ. Eng. Texas Tech. Univ. Lubbock Tex. 1983.
Reckhow, K. H.; Beulac, M. N.; Simpson, J. T.: Modelling Phosphorus Loading and Lake Response under Uncertainty: A manual and compilation of exports coefficients. USEPA Report No. EPA 440/5-80-011, 1980.
Soulios, G.: Nouvelles données sur la geologie et l'hydrogeologie de la region d'Arnissa-vallee et d'Edessaios (Macedoine-Grece). These Montpellier, France, 130 pp. 1978.
US EPA: Quality criteria for water, Report EPA 440/9-76-023, 501 pp. 1971.
Vafiadis, P.: Hydrogeological Study of Kastoria Basin. Ph D dissert. Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece, 130 pp. 1983.
Vighi, M.; Chiaudani, G.: A simple method to estimate lake phosphorus concentrations resulting from natural background loadings. Water Res. 19, 8: 987–991 (1984)
Vollenweider, R. A.: Beiträge zur Kenntnis optischer Eigenschaften der Gewässer und Primarproduktion. Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol. 12: 201–244 (1960)
Vollenweider, R. A.: Input-output models, with special reference to the phosphorus loading concept in limnology. Schweiz z. Hydrol. 37: 53–83 (1975)
Weisner, S. B.: The relation between wave exposure and distribution of emergent vegetation in a eutrophic lake. Freshwater Biol. 18: 537–544 (1987)
Wetzel, R. G.: Limnology. 5nd edn. CB Saunders Coll. Pub. NY, 1983.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koussouris, T., Diapoulis, A., Bertahas, I. et al. Evaluating trophic status and restoration procedures of a polluted lake, Lake Kastoria, Greece. GeoJournal 23, 153–161 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00241400
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00241400