It is important to note that these values represent average summer salinities; average winter salinities may be lower than those reported in this study.

Besides its use for evaluating dredged material in inland and coastal waters (salinity of up to 15), as recommended by the USEPA (2000), there have been no studies on the influence of salinity on species sensitivity in brackish water trials; the only studies conducted to date have focused on tolerance to survival and reproduction at low salinities culturing (Nebeker & Miller, 1988).

Rhagodia candolleana was the most sensitive of the study species; it responded significantly to both factors individually and to their interaction, resulting in poor germination at high temperatures and high salinities. This sensitivity to salinity extremes in particular may help explain why R.

Significantly highest fertilization success was achieved at 31 ppt (97.33%), followed by those at 34, 37, 28, 25 and 40 ppt, and the lowest value at 22 ppt, decreased with increasing and decreasing salinities (P 0.05) were recognized among these four salinity levels on prism larval length and width.

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between salinity and gene expression patterns in three proteins, namely, band 3 anion transport protein (SLC4A1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in relation to osmolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and energy production, respectively, in individuals of the black-chinned tilapia acclimatised to different salinities. Based on their function, these genes may play important roles in S.

teleta; adults survived poorly and had reduced reproductive output at reduced salinities of 10-12 (Levin et al., 1996; Pechenik et al., 2000); juveniles generally grew more slowly at salinities of 12-15 (Pechenik et al., 2000); and in short-term experiments (24-48 h), larvae became sluggish or stopped swimming at salinities of 10-12 (Pechenik et al., 2001b).

2014) to collocated in situ salinities not under the direct influence of instantaneous rainfall shows that [DELTA]S/R induced by rainfall is estimated to be around -0.15 pss [(mm [h.sup.-1]).sup.-1] (Table 1).

Salinities in the upper layer of the soil profile were higher.

Fish were progressively exposed to three experimental salinities (10-18-24).

Due to lack of good quality irrigation water for crop productions and the necessity of using saline irrigation water, and the facts that soil salinity, irrigation water quality and irrigation management are effective and practical methods for increasing crops yield, the objective of this study was to evaluate and simulate an arid region crops yield under different soil and irrigation water salinities using SWAP model.

Studies claim that reduced salinities in regions near freshwater streams or rivers are unfavourable environments for the development of M.

Since the study found no differences in soil permeability due to the higher salinities, it appeared that long-term use would not be deleterious to the soils or require mitigation measures.