Rink F T (Ed.), 1803 Immanual Kant iiber Pddagogik (Friedrich Nicolovius, Konigsberg)

Examining La Numanica through the philosophical and political lenses of Max Horkheimer, Edmund Burke, and Immanual Kant, Checa argues that Cervantes's play stages Horkheimer's concept of "subjective reason" such that the Numantians' sublimely heroic suicide forces them to betray their own social values.

The philosopher Immanual Kant held that "the will itself is the author of the law." Latter day pragmatists, realising that Kant's opinion would lead to chaos, have substituted "consensus" for "will." This consensus is, in fact, irrelevant to the derivation of moral principles.