Unlike the prose entries of the Burghal Hidage or the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it is composed in language that is utterly distinct from that of everyday use.

Dodgson, 'A linguistic analysis of the place-names of the Burghal Hidage', in The Defence of Wessex: The Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon Fortifications, ed.

If one looks at the burgh records, however, the distinctions between kirk and burgh and between burgh and gentry are made much less prominent, and one finds other divisions to be important, eg, between the crafts and the rest of the burghal officers; between the town and the country; between residents and itinerants; between those whose actions are and are not conducive to order and the maintenance of the status quo; between official employees and those who seem to be encroaching on their preserve.

"Fifty years ago there were no cars or trucks, only camels, people lived on barley bread, dates, yogurt, burghal |cracked wheat~ and dried pomegranate seed.

In Hama, all main roads are passable except the roads of Shatha- Jaubet Burghal, jourin-Sulunfa are closed due the snow and the formation of fog.

1-1/2 cups burghal (bulgar wheat), soaked for 15 minutes in warm water, then drained by pressing out water through strainer 4 cups mashed potatoes 3 tablespoons flour 1 teaspoon crushed dried basil 1 teaspoon ground cumin 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon ground cayenne pepper 3 cups very finely chopped onions, divided 3 teaspoons salt, divided 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper, divided 6 tablespoons olive oil 4 cloves garlic, crushed 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh coriander leaves 1 cup pine nuts or slivered almonds Thoroughly combine burghal, potatoes, flour, basil, cumin, cinnamon, cayenne, 1 cup of the onions, 2 teaspoons of the salt and 1/2 teaspoon of the pepper.

This defensive adjustment appears to imply that the perceived threat from Vikings in Wirral(13) must have evaporated, or at least been seen as a lesser priority, by 921, but in being fortified Rhuddlan did not necessarily acquire all Gwespyr's burghal functions.