Alli publico la revista Der christliche
Standestaat, uno de los principales foros intelectuales de oposicion al nazismo.
Unwilling to live in Germany under the Nazis, Hildebrand moved in 1933 first to Italy and then to Austria, "where he continued teaching philosophy (now at the University of Vienna) and fought the Nazis with even greater vigor, founding and then publishing for a number of years a prominent anti-Nazi newspaper, Der Christliche
Standestaat" ("Biographical Note" 1990, 108).
Despite these diversities a recurrent although somewhat nebulous ideal can be perceived permeating the works of all these writers--that of an "organically constituted"
Standestaat. The standische Idee in German political and social theory has always been closely bound up with an "organic" conception of state and society which elaborates upon the more or less explicit assumption that valid comparisons can be made between a living body and a politically organized community.
Portugal was a society of "estates" (
standestaat), with differing systems of property transmission for nobles and commoners, differences that Brazil maintained until 1847.
Hilde Haider-Pregler's essay 'Exilland Osterreich' evokes all the ambiguities of exile in the
Standestaat, where actors of the stature of Basserman and Wallburg were welcomed on the Viennese stage, but less-known colleagues were excluded.
Generally, the aim of this commentary is to make clear that Hegel reacted against the destruction of traditional society around 1800, that is, the destruction of metaphysics and religion in the
Standestaat. The autonomy of consciousness and of conscience, as well as the citizen's private life and the freedom of subjectivity are seen by Hegel as a necessary result of world history.
Anthony Bushell's concise and informative introduction outlines post-war Austria's complex heritages: Habsburg Empire; First Republic; Austro-Fascist '
Standestaat'; National Socialism; the Allies' Moscow Declaration of 1943 describing Austria as Nazism's first victim (a view to which can be traced both the triumph of the 'Staatsvertrag' of 1955 and the lasting individual and collective amnesia the Waldheim controversy notoriously exemplified).