Neuron-spesific enolase in amniotic fluid- a possible indicator for fetal distress and brain implication.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is one of the enolase enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway, found in nerve tissues and neuroendocrine tissues.3 NSE has the highest activity in brain tissue cells and is one of the specific markers reflecting the damage of the nervous system, after the damage of the central nervous system.

[1] Nonstandard abbreviations: BV, biological variation; S100B, S100-[beta] protein; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; [CV.sub.I], within-person BV; RCV, reference change value; [CV.sub.G], between-person BV; [CV.sub.A], analytical imprecision.

The examinations performed in our patient ruled out the existence of cystic neuroblastoma (monitoring the dynamics of decline of the neuron-specific enolase values to normal values at 4 months of age), while the increased levels of alpha fetoprotein followed the pattern of physiological postnatal decline.

Showe, "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human alpha enolase," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.

(5) Alteration of homeostasis and cellular toxicity--actin, enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: they cause damage to different tissue types and alteration of cellular homeostasis and maybe neurotoxic [34].

Blood serotonin, blood 5-HIAA, and neuronspecific enolase levels decreased markedly and diarrhea gradually improved.

Figure 2(c)) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), reactive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) but was negative for S100 protein.

Immunostaining of the ovarian tumor was positive for epithelial membrane antigen, synaptophysin (Figure 1(d)), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (Figure 1(e)), p16, and cluster of differentiation (CD) 56 and negative for cytokeratin 20, Wilms Tumor 1, thyroid transcription factor 1, and anti-cytokeratin (CK) antibodies CK18, CK19, and CD99.

Human pituitary protein lysates and gamma enolase recombinant protein were used as target antigens for anti-pituitary antibody detection.

In recent years, several studies have shown that the "moonlighting" protein enolase is capable of generating a protective immune response against Plasmodium falciparum [20], Candida albicans [21], and Ascaris suum [22].