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Muhtasib

Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Le muhtasib (inspecteur du marché islamique) pèse le pain. Image tirée du livre de costumes de Ralamb, 1657.

Le muḥtasib ou mohtaseb (ar. مُحْتَسِب ) est un fonctionnaire de la cité musulmane, chargé de la police des marchés (sūq-aswāq),à l'instar d'une surveillance accrue des mendiants[1] et d'un contrôle des poids et mesures. D'une façon générale, l'agent veillait à la bonne conduite de tous en public, éventuellement il réprimait les abus, conformément à la loi et en réalisant la doctrine de la hisba[2] qui est basée sur le principe coranique suivant: "ordonnent le Convenable et interdissent le Blâmable [qui] se hâtent dans les bonnes œuvres.Ceux-là sont parmi les Saints"[3]

Selon al-Māwardī,le muḥtasib « doit encore veiller à ce que les bêtes de somme soient bien traitées, et n'aient pas à fournir, elles non plus, un travail au-dessus de leurs forces »[4].

Références

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  1. ↑ (an) Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The Mediaeval Islamic Underworld: The Banū Sāsān in Arabic Society and Literature. Part One, Leiden, E.J Brill, , 179 p. (ISBN 978-9004045026), p. 13
  2. ↑ (en) Bessard, Fanny, « “The Politics of Sūqs in Early Islam.” », Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient,‎ (lire en ligne Accès limité [PDF])
  3. ↑ Régis Blachère, Le Coran, Paris, G. P. Maisonneuve et Larose, , 748 p. (lire en ligne), p. 91
  4. ↑ Cité par Louis Gardet, La Cité musulmane, Paris, Vrin, 1969, pp. 72-73.

Lien

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